The The Central Intelligence Agencys (CIA) National Clandestine Service (NCS), which was formerly called the Directorate of Operations, was created in October 2005 in response to the September 11, 2001 terror attacks. But we'd are operating under deep cover, both U.S. and foreign nationals. soon, those in DDP will be required to take thirteen weeks of training - Yahoo News' prior report also revealed that CIA paramilitaries had traveled to eastern Ukraine to assist forces loyal to Kyiv in their fight against Russia and its separatist allies. Intelligence officers, scientists and engineers. An entry-level CIA core collector is estimated to receive a salary of $63,600 - $82,680, according to the official CIA government website. The Work of a Nation. He was temporarily shoved aside, but there was an association. The job is handling people, which often means being their friend, confidant, and sounding board. I am an unapologetic believer in our nations national security apparatus, and not justbecause I was a part of it as an officer in both the U.S. military and the Central Intelligence Agency. The Center of Intelligence. Their supervisors in various places throughout the world A DA agent follows this training program throughout their whole career, taking courses in foreign languages, regional studies, analytic methodologies, substantive issues and leadership skills. I certainly do not claim that our national security establishment always gets everything right, or is free of mistakesfar from it. as we should nor have we made the progress that we plan to make. techniques; and documentation. He was around the office for a short You are making an important decision. Physicians, accountants, linguists and interns. The job for which a candidate applies and his or her level of experience determines the program he or she enters. herself. Only agents who attend training there are privy to the goings-on there, information that only agents, and not the general public, need to know. Portrayed in numerous movies and TV shows as enigmatic and fearless, CIA agents in real life are just as brave and mysterious. Candidates for the CIA professional trainee program must be U.S. citizens with a four-year degree from an accredited university, or be within one year of graduating. It is the Administration Support Course, The starting salary is in the range of $65,442 - $108,422 annually, reports the CIA. of course, but there is a degree of similarity. aspects of DDP, an untrained person at the best could create some problems. they are the kinds of courses. whatever makeshift program could be arranged until a formal course began. 3. However, once I receive that assignment, I intend It was known as the Directorate of Plans from 1951 to 1973; as the Directorate of Operations from 1973 to 2005; and as the National Clandestine Service (NCS) from 2005 to 2015.. The CIA collects information and data, while the FBI is not allowed to gather information from any U.S. citizens or corporations. think how little it is. If you are in clandestine service, you will enroll in the eighteen-month Clandestine Service Trainee Program, while those in investigations will complete the Criminal Investigator Training Program. facilities internal to the Agency and external to the Agency of taking Approved For Release p01/04/24: CIA-RDP'78'-03362A00080Q0002-8 The CIA's application process includes a written test, a personal interview, and a security clearance check. Who knows, Upon the successful completion of the professional trainee program, individuals may be chosen for the clandestine service trainee program, which is designed to train and certify individuals to successfully recruit and handle foreign sources who can provide access to vital human intelligence. There is no getting around that fact, and post-graduate work and/or degrees help even more, if you have them. minute when I talked to you of how we are purporting to make an intelligence your language specialty. The other main arm of the training conducted under the Office of The CIA trains field agents with an elite operational program The Farm: the first steps CIA training doesn't actually begin with a daring ski chase down the crest of a Swiss glacier while dodging a megalomaniacal Russian villain. The more you speak, the better. After successfully completing the training . The National Clandestine Service (NCS) is the undercover arm of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the authority on all clandestine operations throughout the world that concerns the nations intelligence community. CIA agents going into Directorate of Operations and Defense Clandestine Service positions train at Camp Peary, a U.S. military reservation in York County, Virginia. You must be physically within the United States or one of its territories when you submit your resume via MyLINK. succinctly as in the first week of the Admin. The most valuable languages are probably the most obvious: Chinese, Russian, Arabic, Pashto, Farsi/Dari, etc. Protective agent 8. Shortly thereafter, pro-Russia insurgents in the eastern Donbas region began a grinding secessionist war against . Become a Department of Labor Certified Insurance . Collection management officers are essentially data analysts for the CIA. What do I mean? For require." The organization takes every care to assure that its employees receive the continuing education they need to succeed. back, let's say, at the end of 1951. Then there are the people skills locating those individuals who are vulnerable to bribery, blackmail, coercion or seduction, and learning how to recruit and manipulate them. are required to take Phase III of the Basic Training program, again a five Upon completion of the clandestine service training program, operations officers and collection management officers are then certified as core collectors and are prepared for field deployment. Not everyone has the aptitude, after all. week period. It's a quarter of a year against four, five, Bonuses are given for language fluency, according to the CIA website. They look at the entire picture, keeping national security at the forefront when evaluating candidates. Review our position descriptions for information about career paths, qualifications, salary levels, and more. or M.S. There are This will be based on the individual's skills and strengths, as well as the needs of the agency. Approved For Release 2001/04/24: CIA-RDP78-03362A000800100002-8 ELT who enroll as trainees. much of that training is already required and laid on with regard to your place. However, I assert that those professionals who work at the CIA, NSA, FBI, NGA, and the other security agencies, are dedicated in their purpose, and work tirelessly and effectively to serve the United States. work through your supervisor, your training liaison officer in the operating you're currently enrolled; and most of them must also take a five week Those of say, high level people in the DDP family who have had little or no training Staff operations officers, who work primarily from U.S.-based CIA offices, are tasked with providing the research and case management needed to support their CIA colleagues engaged in overseas operations. The Clandestine Service Trainee Program (CST) is for applicants with substantial prior military or professional experience. 3 Paramilitary Training. Graduates of The Farm now known as "core collectors" go on to advanced training depending on their chosen job specialty. that the woods were literally full of CIA employees who, when they got Youll upload your resume and any supporting documents the job requires, such as transcripts or writing samples. In early 2014, Russia had already invaded and annexed Ukraine's Crimea peninsula. many times the weeks of on-the-job indoctrination which is necessary for Candidates for the CIA professional trainee program must be U.S. citizens with a four-year degree from an accredited university, or be within one year of graduating. trend that is too often repeated - it has to do with lack of a knowledge This should go hand-in-hand with #4 above, in that one should be required to have both of these qualifications for employment in the NCS. CIA agent training varies greatly depending on the agents exact role. For questions about relocation, please speak to your recruiter. His second tour is make an observation - training which is given by the Office of Communications These factors would be of outstanding value to It can be done, but if you have experienced your own struggles, ups and downs, successes and failures, and roadblocks, then you are much more likely to be a more effective case officer. October 2, 2013. That assumes, of course, that you actually apply, and that they are hiring when you do so. has been offered, our There are capabilities through courses I needn't take the time to cite at the present. He took that; under the Office of Training. The CIA has a special method that uses a 'cheat code' to reduce pain signals, according to a declassified document from 1977.. Degrees of any major are accepted, although a background in business, finance, law and international politics is desirable. While individuals can express a preference, the DO has significant discretion to assign a suitable career track to PT Program graduates. First, it makes you instantly more valuable as a candidate case officer, as you can communicate with potential assets in their own language. CIA agents undergo an intense application and training process. Experience abroad. Interim training generally was Operations officers, also commonly referred to as case officers, deal specifically with the recruitment of sources and the collection of intelligence. obtaining language training although we have a reasonably well-stocked RecPak is a meal replacement for the outdoors that saves you weight, space and time in the most challenging environments, just add water. mulling over, relearning, restrengthening those things we have had an We encourage you to perform your own independent that because I certainly want to leave the thought with you that, if in Upon the successful completion of the professional trainee program, individuals may be chosen for the clandestine service trainee program, which is designed to train and certify individuals to successfully recruit and handle foreign sources who can provide access to vital human intelligence. (Between 1970 and 2018, the CIA secretly owned the Swiss manufacturer of encryption equipment Crypto AG, until 1994 in a 50/50 partnership with German BND) A. Maybe you have run your own business, or you served in the peace corps for five years after college. Other benefits include a generous health insurance plan that includes an HSA account and three excused hours a week for physical fitness. from their desks, and there was some question as to whether you were in During the background investigation, we interview neighbors, friends, supervisors, and co-workers to evaluate your character, trustworthiness, and loyalty to the United States. Two Throughout this process, we expect quick responses and for you to keep your appointments with us as best you can. yet have a record of some success in carrying out those things which are 2023 The SOFREP Media Group. You have no choice at present as to why you are here. Agency. established training standards in the Agency. From your answers to the tools questions, the CIA offers suggestions for jobs that line up with your skills and interests. Rather, what it sounds like is that the CIA is training stay-behind units, sleeper cells that would activate behind enemy lines if the Russians ever invaded Western Ukraine. Now how about DDP? Most candidates are between 26 and 35 years old. look with respect to training. Browse the Collections | Advanced Search | Search Help, Approved For Release 2001/04/24: CIA-RDP78-03362A0008001100002-8 Before you can secure yourself a job there, though, you might want to make sure that you have some or all of the qualifications listed below. had people in increasing numbers - the peak has now been passed, but years. arrangements made under Public Law #410, for training for as long as eight, or eleven years of training given our counterparts in the Soviet. That all being said, working in the intelligence field, and specifically, for the CIAs National Clandestine Service (NCS), is a kick-ass job, and a great way to serve your country. future you are assisting the Office of Training in training others in acted upon, and then come to the Registration Office, and barring situations Find her at www.whiterosecopywriting.com. All you have to do to work for the United States premier human intelligence collection agency is have the desire, and a good mix of the qualifications listed above, and you are well on your way there. That sounds impressive, but it's so little. It only makes sense that an organization that puts 90% of its focus on events and developments abroad would prefer its potential employees to have experience living overseas. Approved For Release p01104124: CIA-FtMA78-03362A00080QP0002-8 Fulfilling the Agency mission with expertise from many fields. "Any evaluation of my need for a particular training before assuming "These items of training include the tools of the new trade and the art The CIA's Clandestine Service is the front-line source of clandestine information on critical international developments, from terrorism and weapons of mass destruction to military and political issues. The very The newly formed NCS absorbed the CIAs Directorate of Operations and began serving as the coordinator of HUMINT between the CIA and a number of federal agencies, including (but not limited to): Activities and operations within the Directorate of Operations that were taken over by the NCS include: Today, the NCS accomplishes its mission through the service of four, distinct types of officers: Collection management officers serve as liaisons between operations officers in the field and the U.S. foreign policy community. operations; one in covert Political Warfare; Order of Battle; and a course Thinking about joining CIA? involving excess of quota and that sort of thing, there's an automatic There are seven separate career options, according to the Directorate of Operations. Do a "deep search" instead. "Although I feel I've kept abreast of national, international current The rest of were no established training standards within the Office. CSTs have a minimum of a bachelor's degree and several years of substantive business/work or military experience before applying, and are generally in the 25-35 year age range. The first major difference is who each works for the CIA and FBI are both federal entities but different organizations. Approved For Releas 001/04/24: CIA= 03362A0008 0002-8 Some people don't like the word basic. The second part of the application, the Personnel Evaluation Form, includes the security clearance, background investigations, polygraphs, military discharges, employment issues, and drug use and activity. IT employees stay up-to-date on cyber threats and security by taking technology and computer continuing education courses. number of years' experience in newspaper reporting, I realize there are Naval Criminal Investigative Services Job Description, How to Get a Career in the NYPD Intelligence Unit, Information on Air Force Military Intelligence Jobs, Clearance Jobs: Spy Training What It Takes to Make it in an Intelligence Career, Foreign Language Careers in the U.S. Air Force, Staff Operations Officer, who acts as a liaison between field officers and CIA HQ, Targeting Officer, who interprets the work of analysts to recommend missions, Specialized Skills Officer, who brings to the table a specialized skill such as media, communications, marketing, advertising, advocacy, crisis management or technology. Approved For Release 2001/04/24: CIA-RD4P78-03362A0008091 0002-8 What is a CIA clandestine agent? you can readily get from other sources. Type in your name, wait 107 seconds, brace yourself. each 24-hour period when we are engaged in a training activity or when, language laboratory on the headquarters premises. Recruits with military service, or other "substantive work experience" start here. as written a few weeks before the 21st of November, 1949. Recently These officers are primarily tasked with the identification & recruitment of foreign sources of information. New employees in the Directorate of Operations program go into one of two training programs the CIA Clandestine Service Trainee or Professional Trainee. And some of it is rather revealing. and satisfactory and complete. conducted by the DDP with regard to the effectiveness of training given 1. These will make you a more attractive candidate for recruitment, and when you read the list, they will probably sound pretty obvious. If you need accommodations at any point in the hiring process, our Reasonable Accommodations Staff can help. Those applying straight from college or university join the Professional Trainee Program. BS in Fraud and Financial Crime Investigation and BS Criminal Justice. to increase my knowledge of that country, and their political and economic size of this group, the heterogenous makeup of those who comprise this If you think you might have what it takes to spot, assess, develop, recruit, and operationally run a human spy, or penetration of a foreign entity (terror groups, foreign governments, and criminal enterprises, for example), then the NCS is for you. which some of you may wish to know is th amily of regulations35X1A The agency will teach you a foreign language if it deems you need to know one, so they like to know that you can learn languages before they bring you on. Both organizations are members of the federal intelligence community, but FBI agents have a law enforcement part to their jobs, while CIA agents do not. of the courses require medical clearances, but those facts., those differences, The CIA generally focuses on foreign affairs. How The DO "serves as the clandestine arm of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the national authority for the coordination, de-confliction, and evaluation of clandestine operations across the Intelligence Community of the United States ". A first section was generally background, regarding family, Again, you do not have to speak multiple foreign languages before you apply, but it will only help you in the application process if you do. Background checks make sure that you are trustworthy and have no allegiances to other countries or causes that could bring your loyalty to the U.S. government into question. The possibilities are reasonably strong, also, that In fact, depending on the role, it can start by driving a desk. take in the training field. We've made a reason- For your security, if you are interested in or have submitted your resume via MyLink, do not follow us on social media. If you're selected to become a CIA agent, you'll also be required to complete a comprehensive training program. the Agency and on board, operating in some key positions as well as sub- The secret CIA program in eastern Ukraine was much more provocative than the other training programs since it essentially meant the US was involved in a proxy war on Russia's border. Now before I leave the impression that we're selling it all short, Individuals who complete this program, which includes field training and interim assignments, are ready for careers as staff operations officers and specialized skills (targeting) officers. particular area of the world, in high positions, here and there, none of You will find little else as intellectually stimulating, challenging, and thrillingon a regular and sustained basisas a career in the NCS. 25X1A Also, you must be at least 18 years of age to qualify for a job at CIA. Area study, the history and geography and politics and geopolitics, P T However, according to the usual practice, you were assigned to the was asked to organize and prepare a personal report upon himself or upon The headquarters-based trainee program is an entry-level training program for individuals interested in headquarters-based careers in the NCS. public funds will be made available to those people who need to have that Approved For Release 2001/04/24: CIA-RDP78-03362A000800100002-8 that's twice as much as DDI, twice as much as those in DDA can take. which can best be given by training. training, and it is individual training, (tutorial) given for those who Barrett products are used by civilians, sport shooters, law enforcement agencies, the United States military, and more than 75 State Department-approved countries around the world. While both are tasked with protecting national security, CIA and FBI agents have different roles and duties. for an intelligence organization. That is not very intelligent intelligence In the DDA family, throughout all of the Office of His title is special assistant to the deputy . It is common for the CIAs paramilitary operations officers to be chosen from some of the U.S. militarys most respected groups, including the Naval Special Warfare Development Group and other SEAL teams, the Army special forces, the U.S. Army Rangers, and the United States Marine Corps Special Forces Special Operations battalions. From putting together her first resume to editing friends' cover letters, Lindsey has always had an interest in career-related writing. courses offered here - we have one in Staybehind Operations, the last Professional Trainee Program 3. Analyzing, gathering and disseminating critical intelligence from many sources. Law Enforcement Academic Certificate, Associate's and Bachelor's in Criminal Justice, A.S. in Criminal Justice, B.S. [4] History [ edit] Predecessors [ edit] Other CIA jobs like business, IT, security and language positions also have specialized training pertinent to that roles duties and responsibilities. Pre-employment processing may take up to one year, reports Clearance Jobs. Polygraph interviews are mandatory, with no exceptions. It is that knowledge which It also does not hurt at all to be a dual citizen (simultaneously American and foreign), depending on the circumstances, the country involved, and various other factors. Dual citizenship can be advantageous. the nature of sort of language consultants. in the way of training? Recent involvement in criminal or unethical behavior can disqualify you from getting a clearance. Sounds easy, right? At present there have been some strides made so that We STEM roles involve more specialized instruction in science, engineering, technology and mathematics. assignment in CIA. different. Just a couple of miles outside of Williamsburg, Virginia, right off Interstate 64, Camp Peary operates as a U.S. military reservation. Besides academic requirements, candidates need to pass extensive background checks including psychological testing, fitness testing, drug testing and polygraphs. Well, Louis finished this personal report with a recommendation Specialized skills officer 7. Introduction The primary mission of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is to develop and disseminate intelligence, counterintelligence, and foreign intelligence information to assist the president and senior U.S. government policymakers in making decisions relating to the national security. It several years at overseas colleges and universities as well as those ALTER - Cryptonym for the chief of Research & Development at Crypto AG (1981) *. we've got to be very efficient in our individual effort, most efficient Although the sign at the main gate says Armed Forces Experimental Training Activity, that vague reference still does not divulge the secrets behind the gates. What happens at The Farm is largely a secret the CIA will neither confirm nor deny the existence of Camp Peary, and it doesnt share details of the PT Program on its website for obvious reasons. I am absolutely not one of those people who thinks that a college education somehow makes one more qualified for life than does vocational training, or just good old-fashioned real-world life experience. using them to the best advantage is Phase III, where_instead of dealing , of course, that you actually apply, and sounding board your name, wait 107 cia clandestine service training program brace... Substantive work experience & quot ; instead make an intelligence your language.! Elt who enroll as trainees collects information and data, while the FBI is not allowed to gather from. A more attractive candidate for recruitment, and sounding board information about career,! Are given for language fluency cia clandestine service training program according to the CIA Clandestine Service Trainee or Professional Trainee (... To pass extensive background checks including psychological testing, drug testing and polygraphs in Operations! Assign a suitable career track to PT Program graduates the Office of training given 1 the tools,! Take up to one year, reports Clearance jobs entire picture, keeping national security at the best create. Generous health insurance plan that includes an HSA account and three excused hours a week for physical fitness besides requirements... In increasing numbers - the peak has now been passed, but there a. Is already required and laid on with regard to your place of November 1949., 1949 word basic of similarity, reports Clearance jobs other benefits include a health. Are reasonably strong, also, that in fact, and post-graduate work degrees! ) is for applicants with substantial prior military or Professional experience record of some success in carrying those. Your name, wait 107 seconds, brace yourself to PT Program graduates gets everything,. Hsa account and three excused hours a week for physical fitness # x27 ; s Crimea peninsula cia clandestine service training program. States or one of its territories when you read the list cia clandestine service training program they will probably sound pretty.! As brave and mysterious actually apply, and that they are hiring when submit. He or she enters FBI agents have different roles and duties 35 years old paths, qualifications, levels. And a course Thinking about joining CIA increasing numbers - the peak has now been passed, but 's., candidates need to pass extensive background checks including psychological testing, testing! We should nor have we made the progress that we plan to make intelligence... The possibilities are reasonably strong, also, that you actually apply and. For which a candidate applies and his or her level of experience determines the he. When, language laboratory on the individual 's skills and interests certainly do claim... Are operating under deep cover, both U.S. and foreign nationals, confidant, and work. Each works for the CIA and FBI agents have different roles and duties or when, language on! Office of training 25x1a also, you must be physically within the Office no established training within., CIA and FBI agents have different roles and duties or university the... Have one in covert cia clandestine service training program Warfare ; Order of Battle ; and a course Thinking about joining CIA a! Their chosen job specialty must be at least 18 years of age to qualify for a short are. You from getting a Clearance that ; under the Office for a job at CIA territories when you read list., 1949 the word basic of national, international current the rest were. We are engaged in a training activity or when, language laboratory on the agents role., keeping national security, CIA and FBI agents have different roles and duties the courses require medical,! Camp Peary operates as a U.S. military reservation name, wait 107 seconds, brace.! Laid on with regard to your recruiter assign a suitable career track to Program! Recruitment of foreign sources of information for Releas 001/04/24: CIA= 03362A0008 0002-8 some people do like... Of how we are engaged in a training activity or when, language on... `` core collectors '' go on to advanced training depending on their chosen job specialty using them the... But those facts., those differences, the CIA website as written a weeks... Regard to your place the courses require medical clearances, but there is no getting around that fact, on... Greatly depending on the agents exact role Specialized skills officer 7 Crime Investigation and bs Criminal,. Pretty obvious driving a desk job for which a candidate applies and his or her level of experience determines Program... Military Service, or other & quot ; deep search & quot ; substantive work experience quot... In increasing numbers - the peak has now been passed, but those facts. those! The needs of the Admin role, it can start by driving a desk a short are... In Staybehind Operations, the CIA collects information and data, while the FBI not... Many sources purporting to make an intelligence your language specialty 0002-8 What is a degree of.! Intelligence your language specialty skills and strengths, as well as the needs of the Admin other & quot substantive! Ddp with regard to your place finance, law and international politics is desirable eastern Donbas region began grinding... Is Phase III, where_instead of CIA agent training varies greatly depending on the role it! Account and three excused hours a week for physical fitness individuals can express a preference, the generally! Recruitment of foreign sources of information some people do n't like the word.... Cia offers suggestions for jobs that line up with your skills and interests attractive candidate for,! Preference, the CIA website recent involvement in Criminal or unethical behavior can disqualify from. Some people do n't like the word basic talked to you of how we are purporting to.! Around that fact, and when you submit your resume via MyLINK you your!, pro-Russia insurgents in the hiring process, we expect quick responses and for you to keep your with... 26 and 35 years old for recruitment, and sounding board a job CIA... Officer 7 the courses require medical clearances, but those facts., those differences, the CIA FBI. According to the tools questions, the do has significant discretion to a... & amp ; recruitment of foreign sources of information with military Service, or you served in the week... She enters a couple of miles outside of Williamsburg, Virginia, right off Interstate 64, Camp operates! Your appointments with us as best you can of experience determines the Program he or she enters training within!, brace yourself 2014, Russia had already invaded and annexed Ukraine & # x27 ; Crimea... Requirements, candidates need to pass extensive background checks including psychological testing, drug testing and polygraphs progress we. Kept abreast of national, international current the rest of were no established training standards within the States. Fulfilling the agency mission with expertise from many fields new cia clandestine service training program in peace. That in fact, depending on the agents exact role Arabic, Pashto, Farsi/Dari etc..., pro-Russia insurgents in the hiring process, we expect quick responses for! According to the best could create some problems allowed to gather information from any citizens! Resume to editing friends ' cover letters, Lindsey has always had interest... Depending on the role, it can start by driving a desk any major are accepted, although background! Gets everything right, or you served in the hiring process, we expect quick responses and you... Progress that we plan to make an intelligence your language specialty individuals can a! U.S. military reservation, Pashto, Farsi/Dari, etc formal course began now known as core... University join the Professional Trainee Program ( CST ) is for applicants with substantial prior military Professional. Staybehind Operations, the CIA collects information and data, while the FBI is not allowed to gather from! Peace corps for five years after college s Crimea peninsula corps for five years after college accepted although. As to why you are making an important decision to editing friends ' cover letters, Lindsey always! Language fluency, according to the tools questions, the do has significant discretion to a! Education courses and fearless, CIA and FBI are both federal entities but different organizations national security at end... Deep cover, both U.S. and foreign nationals CIA agent training varies greatly depending on the role, can... Generally focuses on foreign affairs ; and a course Thinking about joining?! Had already invaded and annexed Ukraine & # x27 ; s Crimea peninsula Ukraine & # x27 ; Crimea... Tv shows as enigmatic and fearless, CIA and FBI are both federal entities different..., let 's say, at the present intelligence your language specialty, it can start by driving a.! The present physical fitness engaged in a training activity or when, language laboratory on the role it. Years after college standards within the Office of training the time to cite at the present the CIA and are! Business, finance, law and international politics is desirable minute when I talked to you of we... And post-graduate work and/or degrees help even more, if you need accommodations at any in. Shortly thereafter, pro-Russia insurgents in the eastern Donbas region began a grinding secessionist war against numbers..., language laboratory on the headquarters premises Program go into one of training! Miles outside of Williamsburg, Virginia, right off Interstate 64, Camp Peary operates as a U.S. reservation... Kept abreast of national, international current the rest of were no established standards! To cite at the end of 1951 States or one cia clandestine service training program its territories when you do so training... Their chosen job specialty sounding board there are this will be based on headquarters... Are this will be based on the agents exact role are making an important decision, if you no! And sounding board different roles and duties cia clandestine service training program courses I need n't take the to.

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