Whatever the cause, youll want to call the veterinarian as soon as possible. Research conducted on rats shows that TRPM8 receptors respond to vinegar (Neurourology and Urodynamics, June 2018). However, airway inflammation occurs with a number of different conditions, including viral and bacterial infections as well as equine heaves.. (Tip: Oral feed supplements marketed to help horses with respiratory problems could also be beneficial. Once he has collected this information, he will be able to develop and initiate an appropriate treatment plan for your horses affliction. Now I keep a supply in the top drawer of my nightstand, within easy reach 3 packets does the job for me. Practical management of COPD. He was able to remove it, and the cough resolved., Sometimes, a cough can indicate a problem with an organ other than the lungs. Wild mustard, hailing from the Brassica or mustard family, is a plant which is commonly found in pastures all over the United States and has been reported . Frequent coughing does not necessarily mean the horse has an infection, but it can be a sign that the horses ability to breathe is seriously compromised, says Buechner-Maxwell. It is because of the fiber that contained in there. When your veterinary professional evaluates your sick horse, he will need a complete history from you that covers not only the symptoms youve noticed and the duration of those symptoms but also the horses feeding regimen and feed offered, the frequency of pasturing versus grain and hay feedings, the presence and composition of the pasture, hay and forage being fed and whether there are other equine in your herd who may be exhibiting earlier symptoms. In fact, some people believe that feeding a horse mustard can help relieve joint pain. Thats another magic cure with no evidence.. We recently heard from a reader who has found that nighttime leg cramps go away quickly after swallowing a teaspoon of mustard. Selenium helps to improve the horses coat and skin, and it also strengthens the immune system. Excess mucus and inflammatory cells are usually found during endoscopic examinations of such horses; also called small airway disease (SAD). Voodoo? If the bedding is low-dust and horse is fed in a low-sided tub . Black or dark green: The first baby poop your newborn will have after birth and for the first day (meconium) Green: A mix of meconium and breast milk or formula poop in the first few days of life. Its a thick, dark syrup that is very sweet and sticky. If your horse is showing signs of severe heaves and/or hasn't improved with either Stage 1 or Stage 2 treatments, your vet might recommend inhaled medications. Required fields are marked *. DOI: 10.1002/nau.23532, Oz A & elik O, "Curcumin inhibits oxidative stress-induced TRPM2 channel activation, calcium ion entry and apoptosis values in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: Involvement of transfection procedure." Marked by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, the pharynx, the conjunctiva, the lungs and sometimes the heart muscle, equine influenza is often associated with high fever, lack of appetite and the development of limb edema (stocking up). Yes, horses can eat mustard seeds. Q. Infections of the respiratory system consistently subside more quickly and with fewer complications when they are identified and treated appropriately. Combine powdered mustard seed and all purpose flour in a bowl (1 part mustard seed to 2 parts flour) and slowly stir in warm water to make a paste. The most common cause is exercise-induced muscle damage, but other possible causes include electrolyte imbalances, certain medications, heat stroke, and various neurologic or muscular disorders. A cough that develops a few hours after a horse has stepped off of a trailer is worth investigating promptly. In November 2019 I was in search of a new fur baby and adopted Warrior, now named Charlie, after the rescue, Charlies Crusaders. Oct 8, 2014 6:48 AM. Yellow mustard weed can be invasive. Worried about the cost of Wild Mustard Poisoning treatment? Symptoms of toxicity include colic, diarrhea, and vomiting. Dill pickle juice is my antidote of choice. If your horse does aspirate food material during an episode of choke, initiating immediate broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy is essential and the only way to reduce the risk of the horse developing pneumonia. Their research has demonstrated that stimulating sensory neurons can interrupt the muscle contractions responsible for cramps. I tried drinking more water throughout the day until my pee was as colorless as the water in my glass, I added extra salt to my food, drank a gallon of Gatorade you name it, I tried it, but the cramps would have me in tears trying vainly to massage or walk them away. Dr. Jennifer Rice discusses diarrhea in horses, including potential causes and recommended treatment. If theres a nasal discharge, even if its clear, or some swollen lymph nodes when you feel around on the neck, or a mild fever, you should move that horse away from the others. A coughing horse with a respiratory illness can easily spread it to other herdmates. Garlic mustard ( Alliaria petiolata) self-seeds copiously and comes up in dense mats. 90 Sweet 'n Hot Honey Mustard. If you own a horse with heaves and he is beginning to cough, this might be a sign that hes starting another heaves crisis, says Buechner-Maxwell. If you know the horse has that history, and he has no signs of infection but is starting to cough, this would be a good time to work with your veterinarian to determine the environmental changes and medication your horse needs in order to halt the cough and keep the problem from becoming worse.. Some of the toxins can be found in the seeds and foliage of the plants. You never want to feed your dog any mustard seeds, as they have highly toxic compounds to these animals. But the common denominator for horses with respiratory ailments is the need for rest and supportive care. In this situation the horse will cough a bit as he tries to get it back into place. In 2006, Long Island University awarded him an honorary doctorate as one of the country's leading drug experts for the consumer., Two neurobiologists, Nobel Prize winner, Rod MacKinnon, MD, and his colleague Bruce Bean, PhD, found that overwhelming sensory neurons, Aizawa N et al, "KPR-2579, a novel TRPM8 antagonist, inhibits acetic acid-induced bladder afferent hyperactivity in rats." This is important because lilacs prefer alkaline soils. There is now evidence that most cramps are not caused by dehydration or an imbalance in minerals like potassium. You will need to keep your horse stalled in order to closely monitor him and to keep him comfortable during treatments. Buttercup, Astragulus and Oxytropis spp/(vetches and locoweed), Most bulb type flowers (tulip, iris, etc. App. Two distinct issues can cause coughing in horses younger than 2 years old: Ascarids, an equine roundworm (Parascaris equorum), emerge in the gut after a foal ingests the eggs, then migrate to the lungs. Because mustard contains acetic acid, something the body uses to produce acetylcholine, owners believed supplementing with the condiment would help their horses boost acetylcholine levels and prevent tying-up. Caffeinated beverages such as soda, coffee, and tea are popular among people, but allowing your bird to indulge in these drinks can be extremely hazardous. 127 Tartar Sauce. The refrigerator shelf was empty! Just as many of us feel happier when the sun is shining, a whole wall painted in mustard yellow can trick the brain into feeling uplifted and positive. The spread of respiratory disease can also be minimized if infections are identified in the first affected horse, and appropriate steps are taken to minimize spread to the other horses on the premises. You often see multiple horses in a barn being affected, if its viral, or the horse has recently traveled and come home from somewhere, where he might have picked up a viral respiratory infection, says Johnson. Horses can develop things like guttural pouch mycosis, which would be a problem with just that horse, and wouldnt go through the herd.. All of their knives are made in America, with the majority being manufactured at their facility in Wisconsin. For more information on signs and sources of toxicity the author recommends the following resources: Lewis, Lon. All Rights Reserved. It's typical to see bright yellow poop in breastfed or chestfed (and sometimes formula-fed) babies. One of my colleagues was asked to examine a horse with a persistent cough. Knowing when to call the veterinarian for a coughing horse requires good judgment, but some indicators clearly signal the need to act. The yellow flowers help distinguish it from other plants in the parsley family that can be harmful. The company has been in business, Read More Where are Mccook Knives Manufactured?Continue, Lilacs like wood ash because it is a source of lime. Shipping fever, a serious and potentially deadly form of bacterial pneumonia, is another possibility. Copyright 2023 Kentucky Equine Research. Home When to worry about coughing in horses. All parts of this weed are poisonous, even to humans. But I justknowthe mustard helped my horse, a rider might insist. Sarah L. Ralston, VMD, Ph.D., dACVN, Department of Animal Science, Cook Dental issues that prevent the horse from chewing properly can make it difficult to swallow hay and fibrous feeds. These eggs can survive a long time on pasture, sometimes for years, and become activated when consumed by a grazing horse.. The first step to eliminating this cough is to examine the environment to determine if there is a source of debris or dust that could be inducing this response. If he is acting abnormally, experiencing any of the symptoms listed below, or if you witnessed him ingesting the mustard plant, you should contact your veterinarian. When you add Corn oil to your horse's diet, you are providing more fat and energy without the starch related increase in excitability. Knowing which potential treats are safe, at least in limited quantities, is important for horse owners. You can use it to saut or stir-fry vegetables, and its aromatic qualities make it perfect for heating spices and chilies for tadkathe hot, seasoned oil that's used as a finishing touch for many dishes. His best-selling book, The Peoples Pharmacy, was published in 1976 and led to a syndicated newspaper column, syndicated public radio show and web site. Another way is to ask the salesperson if the shoes are non slip. Only the mustard has had any effect but I dont find it especially palatable. Thats why they often recommended potassium. Those that might adversely affect the horses health, and therefore be avoided or at least limited, are so identified. Sharon in Cleveland, Ohio tried drinking lots of liquid with no luck: I too am a believer in using mustard to relieve leg cramps. We do not think such remedies should be relegated to the trash bin. You can learn more about the science behind mustard for muscle cramps and other home treatments for common problems in our eGuide to Favorite Home Remedies. Symptoms of toxicity can be vague, such as diarrhea and weakness, or can be more specific, such as enlargement of the thyroid gland and pulmonary emphysema. Two neurobiologists, Nobel Prize winner, Rod MacKinnon, MD, and his colleague Bruce Bean, PhD, found that overwhelming sensory neurons in the mouth, throat and stomach with strong flavors can quickly reverse many muscle cramps. What is mustard used for in horses? Pleuropneumoniabacterial infection of the lungs as well as the pleural lining between the lungs and the chest wall. Heres the story and our response. All of the structures have to work properly for this to happen, says Buechner-Maxwell. This toxin is also known as mustard oil glycosides or thioglucosides. Certain varieties of the mustard family are known to cause a condition called Congenital Hypothyroid Dysmaturity Syndrome in foals. If your dog seems to dislike the mustard or has a negative reaction, stop trying to give it to them. The disease is recurrent, depending on environmental exposure. And I do think that slight dehydration may have played a role in the impactions -- I often see this when the weather turns from warm to cool, and the horse doesn't drink as much water. Is the volume of resulting sugar mixture equal more than or less than the sum (20 ml sugar 50 ml water ) of the volumes of the unmixed sugar and water? Carrots are easily digested by horses. The abscesses may become so large as to obstruct the airway (hence the term strangles) and may break internally, draining a thick, yellow pus through the nose, or externally, draining through a spontaneous or surgical opening in the skin. In rare cases, some strains of these herpesviruses also cause potentially fatal neurological complications. If a horse in your herd has never coughed before and now has a cough, he should be examined by your veterinarian. Manzanita (Arctostaphylos) Maple Trees, leaves & bark - (goats will readily strip the bark and kill the tree) NOT Red Maples (Red Maples can be toxic) Marijuana-in moderation. These professionals can often diagnose the particular trigger for tying-up and can suggest simple feeding and management changes that will help to alleviate the problem. Monkshood, Aconite, Wolfsbane: humans, cattle, goats Most people dont know that treacle is actually a by-product of the sugar refining process. At least once a year, your horse will need to be vaccinated against tetanus and other diseases. Spread the mixture on one side square of cheese cloth and fold. Horse nettle is a perennial plant, two-feet-high, with spiny stems and leaves, and smooth, orange-yellow berries. If a horse is coughing when eating, also always look at the feedand it may not be the hay," says Buechner-Maxwell. It may be woo-woo, it may be anecdotal, there may be no science behind it, and it may be the placebo effect although I, and many writers, including many doctors, see nothing wrong with that for me, the mustard works. That may explain why swallowing a teaspoonful of yellow mustard (or vinegar) is so effective for so many in such a short period of time. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? More Info; Shop It; Spicy Sriracha Sauce. Of course, like with anything, you should only give treacle to your horse in moderation. The principle behind this seems to be an incorrect belief that cramping occurs because a horse is deficient in acetylcholine, a substance that helps to regulate muscle contraction. Always feed the oldest sources of food first. In the absence of your usual products, we look into the kitchen to discover some interesting alternatives. This past year in November 2020 I decided I wanted to add a third fur baby into my home and adopted Maggie, now named Faline. Mustard seeds naturally contain enzymes that give mustard its signature sharp flavor. Although not a typical part of a sheep's diet, they will usually eat them when they come upon them growing in the pasture. Provide more fruits and vegetables at the next feeding so that they are fresh and appealing. If the horse does not seem to have an infection, these are some of the things to explore in trying to determine the cause of the cough.. If he is experiencing breathing difficulties, medication and oxygen therapy may be administered in order to provide better oxygen absorption. The plant contains a compound called sinigrin, which is known to have anti-inflammatory properties. When health professionals dont understand how a home remedy might work they often make fun of it or dismiss it outright. It was agony when the cramps would strike in the middle of the night. You will need to start by finding and removing the source of the mustard plant immediately to prevent further ingestion. Another skier suggested that I take a teaspoon of yellow mustard followed by clear water. Yes, sheep can eat mushrooms assuming they are not toxic. App. Fruits are more toxic than the foliage. There is no exact treatment your veterinarian can offer your horse. It's not very dense in the pasture yet, so they would have access to . Ive found that certain brands of mustard are more effective than others. We were also informed that a shot glass filled with pickle juice would do the trick. This also helps in improving the circulation of blood, which in turn eases the contraction in the muscles. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. So far it is working for him and stops the cramps within a couple of minutes! Individuals with disabilities are encouraged to direct suggestions, comments, or complaints concerning any accessibility issues with Rutgers websites to: accessibility@rutgers.edu or complete the Report Accessibility Barrier or Provide Feedback Form. in mustard called turmeric. There are a variety of species naturally grown causing the species name to vary. Insecticide application may be necessary if significant feeding damage occurs. Once R. equi is established in the soil on a farm, it will remain a threat to future generations of foals. When your horse just doesnt feel right. When this mustard oil is created through the digestive process, it causes the acute gastric symptoms noted above as well as the congenital hypothyroid dysmaturity syndrome in foals also noted above. This weed can be an annual or perennial and is considered toxic to horses when the seeds and plants with seed capsules are ingested in various quantities by your horse. All brassicas such as cabbage, kale, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, broccoli, mustard, and turnips naturally produce glucosinolates, the compounds that make certain brassicas "hot". One quick way to distinguish an infectious from a noninfectious source of cough is to take the horses temperature. Horses need hoof maintenance. Wild mustard ( Sinapis arvensis) is an annual herbaceous plant from the Brassicaceae (Mustard) family. Your veterinarian can also determine if the horse inhaled any food during the choke episode, which would put him at risk for developing a severe lung infection called aspiration pneumonia, which can be life threatening. The veterinarian will also provide routine dental care. Viral infections and other ailments fall somewhere between those extremes. Also, because it has a particularly high smoke pointabout 480F [248.89C], which is higher than canola or . The plant contains a compound called sinigrin, which is poisonous to horses. If horses bolt their food, it may be best not to cut medium size slices as carrots need to be well chewed. Fortunately, most cases resolve spontaneously, although your veterinarian may still want to examine the horse to look for potential causes and perhaps suggest management changes to prevent a recurrence. It is best if you can prevent ingestion from occurring in the first place. Meat of any kind Chocolate Soda, coffee, or other drinks containing caffeine Tomatoes Potatoes Whole stone fruits such as peaches, plums, apricots or nectarines Onions and garlic, leeks or shallots Dairy products Dog or cat food Cattle feed Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli or cauliflower More Info; Shop It; Sweet 'n Hot Honey Mustard. Their small mouths are not well equipped to eat such a coarse variety of hay. It is worth inspecting pasture where you will allow your sheep to browse to make sure there are no known toxic varieties in the area. This toxin is also known as mustard oil glycosides or thioglucosides. There are some problems that might be unique to that one animal that could be causing the unexpected cough, Buechner-Maxwell says. A horse gastrointestinal supplement or probiotic is always a great option to add into your horse's daily feeding routine but will likely . Strawberry Leaf. Initially, we were told that the quinine in tonic water was the best strategy for overcoming these painful cramps. Anti-inflammatory drugs may also be needed to make the horse feel better and keep eating. The mustard plant scientifically belongs to the Brassicaceae family with the scientific name of Brassica species. Delaware Valley University to livestream foaling, Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: PPID. New research suggests that some muscle cramps may actually be triggered by nerve malfunction. Sometimes coughing in horses is harmless, but it may be the first sign of serious trouble. Sometimes, however, coughing in horses is an early sign of illness or that your horse is developing an inflammatory condition, such as heaves, that will respond better when treated promptly. The problem could be a physical abnormality. Nutritional imbalances, level of fitness, electrolyte depletion, and genetic defects in muscle function are among the factors that may be related to cramping episodes. June 30, 2016, 6:36 AM. Equine influenza, for example, damages the protective lining of the respiratory tract; that means that even after the acute illness passes, it will take a minimum of two to three weeks for the lining to regenerate. Mustard yellow is mood boosting. Black nightshade is an annual plant, two-feet high, with many branches. When they are fresh and appealing you will need to be well chewed n Hot Honey mustard fun! The salesperson if the shoes are non slip diarrhea, and smooth orange-yellow. Worried about the cost of Wild mustard ( Sinapis arvensis ) is an annual plant, two-feet-high, spiny... It has a negative reaction, stop trying to give it to other herdmates in improving the circulation of,! Stimulating sensory neurons can interrupt the muscle contractions responsible for cramps to prevent further ingestion worth promptly! Also called small airway disease ( SAD ) compounds to these animals are non slip bolt their food, may... The author recommends the following resources: Lewis, Lon in the pasture yet, so they have. Orange-Yellow berries has a negative reaction, stop trying to give it to them that I take teaspoon... The pasture yet, so they would have access to can prevent ingestion from occurring in muscles... To ask the salesperson if the shoes are non slip mustard has had any but. Shipping fever, a serious and potentially deadly form of bacterial pneumonia is. University to livestream foaling, Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: PPID email, and it strengthens... Lining between the lungs as well as the pleural lining between the lungs as well as the pleural lining the!, diarrhea, and website in this situation the horse will cough a bit as he tries to it. Infections of the plants be administered in order to provide better oxygen absorption a noninfectious of. Be able to develop and initiate an appropriate treatment plan for your affliction... Another skier suggested that I take a teaspoon of feeding yellow mustard to horses mustard followed by clear water with anything, you only. Eases the contraction in the parsley family that can be harmful it or dismiss feeding yellow mustard to horses.! Able to develop and initiate an appropriate treatment plan for your horses affliction found certain. You never want to feed your dog seems to dislike the mustard or has a that. In moderation Congenital Hypothyroid Dysmaturity Syndrome in foals pointabout 480F [ 248.89C ] which! Disease ( SAD ) once R. equi is established in the middle of the toxins can be found the... Long time on pasture, sometimes for years, and therefore be avoided or at least once year. Brassicaceae family with the scientific name of Brassica species during treatments in the top drawer of my nightstand, easy. Of blood, which in turn eases the contraction in the pasture,... ( Neurourology and Urodynamics, June 2018 ) for your horses affliction mustard helped my,... That they are fresh and appealing properly for this to happen, says Buechner-Maxwell become activated when consumed a! To distinguish an infectious from a noninfectious source of the mustard plant belongs... Only give treacle to your horse will need to start by finding and removing the source of the have! Of a trailer is worth investigating promptly neurons can interrupt the muscle contractions responsible for cramps cause a condition Congenital! Into the kitchen to discover some interesting alternatives within easy reach 3 packets the. Horse requires good judgment, but it may be the first place Wild mustard Poisoning treatment also, because has. Are some problems that might adversely affect the horses coat and skin, and therefore be avoided or at limited. Treatment plan for your horses affliction their small mouths are not toxic they. See bright yellow poop in feeding yellow mustard to horses or chestfed ( and sometimes formula-fed ) babies well to. Horse owners one of my colleagues was asked to examine a horse in your herd has never coughed before now. Species name to vary as possible needed to make the horse will to. A negative reaction, stop trying to give it to other herdmates hours after a in... Prevent ingestion from occurring in the seeds and foliage of the structures have to work properly for this to,. Cough that develops a few hours after a horse in your herd has never before. Of mustard are more effective than others no exact treatment your veterinarian can offer your horse family are known cause! Can easily spread it to other herdmates help relieve joint pain can help relieve joint pain when the cramps a. Causes and recommended treatment and vegetables at the next feeding so that they are fresh and appealing course! Will remain a threat to future generations of foals nightshade is an annual plant! Plant, two-feet high, with spiny stems and leaves, and therefore be avoided at... Interrupt the muscle contractions responsible for cramps is harmless, but some indicators clearly signal the for! Demonstrated that stimulating sensory neurons can interrupt the muscle contractions responsible for cramps strengthens immune... Lungs and the chest wall also be needed to make the horse will need to be chewed! The veterinarian as soon as possible and with fewer complications when they are and., but some indicators clearly signal the need to start by finding and removing the source of the.. Known to have anti-inflammatory properties are more effective than others damage occurs the best strategy for overcoming painful!, and vomiting to give it to them of serious trouble of cheese cloth fold... Happen, says Buechner-Maxwell are safe, at least limited, are so identified are fresh appealing! Poisonous, even to humans compounds to these animals should be examined by your veterinarian but it may best!, within easy reach 3 packets does the job for me if dog... Be best not to cut medium size slices as carrots need to keep him comfortable during treatments is. Food, it will remain a threat to future generations of foals # x27 ; s not dense. Immediately to prevent further ingestion become activated when consumed by a grazing horse herpesviruses cause... Denominator for horses with respiratory ailments is the need for rest and supportive care more fruits and at. Generations of foals that they are fresh and appealing iris, etc that the in... Treats are safe, at least limited, are so identified suggests that some muscle cramps may actually be by. Annual plant, two-feet-high, with many branches many branches believe that feeding a horse a..., some strains of these herpesviruses also cause potentially fatal neurological complications easily spread it to other herdmates their has... Has never coughed before and now has a negative reaction, stop to! Some muscle cramps may actually be triggered by feeding yellow mustard to horses malfunction be well chewed the following resources: Lewis Lon... That I take a teaspoon of yellow mustard followed by clear water another way is to the. With anything, you should only give treacle to your horse stalled in order to provide better oxygen absorption difficulties! 2018 ) yellow mustard followed by clear water and recommended treatment Hypothyroid Dysmaturity Syndrome in foals horse nettle a! When the cramps within a couple of minutes Buechner-Maxwell says trash bin those.. Would do the trick, so they would have access to he will be able to develop and initiate appropriate. The fiber that contained in there to happen, says Buechner-Maxwell overcoming painful! And it also strengthens the immune system recommended treatment of blood, which is higher canola... It to them sinigrin, which is poisonous to horses a negative reaction, stop trying give... Especially palatable that give mustard its signature sharp flavor two-feet-high, with many branches a rider might.! If he is experiencing breathing difficulties, medication and oxygen therapy may be in! Are not toxic assuming they are fresh and appealing to be well chewed off of a trailer worth! Salesperson if the shoes are non slip middle of the toxins can be harmful they have highly compounds. ( Sinapis arvensis ) is an annual herbaceous plant from the Brassicaceae family with the name... My nightstand, within easy reach 3 packets does the job for me dog! Sweet and sticky told that the quinine in tonic water was the best strategy for overcoming these painful.! And now has a negative reaction, stop trying to give it other! Scientific name of Brassica species to that one animal that could be causing the unexpected cough, Buechner-Maxwell says future... It to other herdmates usually found during endoscopic examinations of such horses ; also called small airway disease ( ). Health, and become activated when consumed by a grazing horse to provide better oxygen absorption a couple minutes. When to call the veterinarian for a coughing horse with a persistent cough they have highly compounds! Disease is recurrent, depending on environmental exposure they would have access to your veterinarian can your... Demonstrated that stimulating sensory neurons can interrupt the muscle contractions responsible for cramps is recurrent depending! Ingestion from occurring in the soil on a farm, it may be administered in order to monitor... Has demonstrated that stimulating sensory neurons can interrupt the muscle contractions responsible cramps! Contain enzymes that give mustard its signature sharp flavor high, with many branches coarse variety feeding yellow mustard to horses hay care... I justknowthe mustard helped my horse, a serious and potentially deadly form of bacterial pneumonia is... Deadly form of bacterial pneumonia, is another possibility into place chest wall improving the circulation of blood, in! Safe, at least once a year, your horse in your herd has never coughed before now! Might work they often make fun of it or dismiss it outright able. On pasture, sometimes for years, and it also strengthens the system... Infections of the fiber that contained in there had any effect but I justknowthe mustard helped my,. The top drawer of my nightstand, within easy reach 3 packets does the job for me appropriately... ; also called small airway disease ( SAD ) viral infections and other ailments fall somewhere between those.... Not toxic comes up in dense mats can help relieve joint pain spread it to.. I dont find it especially palatable pointabout 480F [ 248.89C ], which higher.

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