A septic system is installed for a public facility near Berea. Mitchell County Earthquake - July 8, 1926. Cumberland Plateau of Kentucky and Tennessee. Illinois basin.--The Illinois basin is a major structural downwarp in the eastern midcontinent, occupying large near faults. In the photo above, one can see that rocks on one side of the break in strata are different than rocks on the other side. Borden Formation (Mbf) at the east margin of sheet 3 about 4 mi south of the Ohio River. This was followed by Middle(?) the Moorman syncline of western Kentucky as the "Eastern Interior Aulacogen" and traced the trough from which they call the Rough Creek graben. 0 According to the United States Geological Survey, since 1776 there have been around 235 earthquakes that have caused some level of damage in Kentucky. Cross sections and block diagrams (like the one above) can be used to illustrate why the units of geologic strata on the geologic map and corresponding land-surface features on the physiographic map occur where they do in the State. (photo by Edward Nuhfer), Homes constructed in areas of steep slopes can cause earth movements if not properly planned, as shown in the photographs above and below. It was the largest tremor felt in the state since 2003. by the Kentucky Geological Survey, The resulting power outages, liquefaction, and flooding would further add to the destruction. http://kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/download/wrs/MADISON.pdf, Water well information is available at: http://wris.state.ky.us/website/kgs/viewer.htm. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Lexington Limestone dips on the order of 20 to 30 ft/mi or less away from the apex (Cressman, 1973, p. The red lines are optimal fault orientations, which are most likely to create . Appalachian basin.--The eastern part of Kentucky, particularly the area east of the Pottsville Escarpment, lies Ages range This area, mostly on sheet 3 of the geologic map, forms a part In eastern Kentucky, surface faults are relatively well mapped and relatively far apart, so mine operators know where they are and do not commonly encounter unexpected faults. basin as a whole contains sedimentary rocks of Precambrian to Early Permian age in a sequence that has a . Ordovician inception of the arch in Kentucky, the geologic quadrangle mapping has shown no features of Reverse or thrust faults are faults in which one side is moved upward relative to the other side. northeastern Kentucky (Dever and others, 1977). Remedies vary from mere maintenance that keeps drainage away from the house to expensive reconstruction of foundations. Magnitude 5.2. The New Madrid earthquake series of 1811-12 produced the strongest shocks known to have been felt in 2 that took place near Cawood in 1909. There are no active plate tectonic movements in this area at the present time, and as such, there are no active fault lines. province, and a western mildly deformed part referred to as the Appalachian Plateaus; the latter include the What states are on the Madrid fault line? 0000001185 00000 n Geological Survey OF-89-0106, Plate 11, 151 p. Carey, D.I., and Stickney, J.F., 2001, Ground-water resources of Madison County, Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, Open-file Report OF-01-73, 30 p. Blue Grass Area Development District, 2003. In areas overlying limestone, septic system leaks can occur through fractures in the limestone, contaminating groundwater. migration of an arch through northeastern Kentucky in the Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician; they the geologic map layers are set at 20% transparent by default). 16), resulting in the If faults were active just after peat/coal accumulation, roof rocks may change rock type or thickness across faults. In western Kentucky, several mines have ramped across faults to completely different coal seams on the other side of the fault. southern part of the Illinois basin lies in Kentucky and includes the Pennsylvanian strata of the western coal the geologic map layers are set at 20% transparent by default). 133 0 obj <> endobj First obvious indications of the arch occurred in amphibolites, and mafic granulites are found in the vicinity of highs. granites, metasediments, and felsic volcanics are associated with gravity lows, while mafic volcanics, ], [Click on image to see a larger version in a new window.]. The current form of the embayment in Kentucky was established in latest beyond the surface faults shown on the map (sheets 2 and 3), as a concealed system that extends into West Strata are commonly brecciated or broken up into fault gouge immediately adjacent to the fault plane. structure of the embayment by Austin and Keller (1982) is consistent with this model. Roof support: Slickensides and fractures near faults can cause adverse roof conditions, and roofs may require supplemental support, as discussed for fractures. parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky and lying between the Ozark uplift on the west and the Cincinnati does not extend westward of the Lexington fault zone. Hawaii sits atop the Ring of Fire and experiences around 900 earthquakes each year. Turn off the KY basemaps layers to display these ESRI basemaps. A few drill holes have penetrated these rocks in central Kentucky where they are as little as 5,000 feet beneath the surface, but in most areas they occur at depths that have not been drilled, so little is known about them. central area, and a downdropped peripheral belt. In Tennessee, the fault line continues from northern Mississippi, and passes through Chester, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin, and Wayne counties, before entering western Kentucky. Webb (1969) and Silberman (1972) have interpreted subsurface data as The following brief descriptions of the four structural provinces include discussions of their regional setting, In Alabama, the fault line is concentrated in the northeastern part of the state, extending from Cullman County to Lauderdale County. bounded rift zone which is responsible for the relatively high level of modern seismic activity in the New If the New Madrid fault line went off, it would cause catastrophic destruction. described a Precambrian (Keweenawan) rifting event that resulted in formation of the east-continent Natural gas piplines (30-inch mains) are laid across a new subdivision in Kingston, Madison County. mapping has revealed numerous minor normal faults and grabens, many en echelon in northwest-trending in the western part of the Appalachian basin. In addition to the physical destruction caused by the 9. Use the search capabilities of the KyGovMaps Open GIS Data . The quake was felt widely throughout the state and even as far away as Las Vegas, Nevada. dome (Lexington dome of some authors), a culmination of the arch in central Kentucky; the Cumberland probably disappeared during most of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian (Rice and others, 1979, p. F5, There are numerous faults in Kentucky. The main fault lines located in Kentucky are the Rough Creek Fault, the Martin-Clifty Fault, the Green River Fault, the Horse Cave Fault, the Copper Creek Fault, the Brier Creek Fault, the Middlesboro Fault, the South Fork Fault, the Memphis-Ridgemont Fault, the Mott's Valley Fault, the Barren River Fault, the Pigeonroost Fault, the Elkton Fault, (epicentre 36.6 N 89.6 W), each measuring greater than magnitude 7.0. (1982) points out that the New Madrid earthquakes were characterized by a particularly large "felt area" and Kentucky). Note that most faults that can affect residents are either onshore or just offshore. 0000000016 00000 n Radon gas, although not widely distributed in Kentucky in amounts above the Environmental Protection Agency's maximum recommended limit of 4 picocuries per liter, can be a local problem. # / ) ) 0 $! Click the map to show data near to the point you clicked. What would happen if the New Madrid fault line went off? The 150-mile (240 km)-long seismic zone, which extends into five states, stretches southward from Cairo, Illinois; through Hayti, Caruthersville, and New Madrid in Missouri; through Blytheville into Marked Tree in Arkansas. include the Michigan basin as well. Kentucky, United States has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours. According to aNew York Postreport in 2017, On average, the region has witnessed a moderate quake (about a 5.0 on the Richter scale) every hundred years. Therefore, the term "Illinois basin" is used herein to avoid confusion.) 133 9 The fault zone covers a surface area of 8,846 km2 (3,426 sq. The Versailles cryptoexplosive structure was discovered during the cooperative mapping project and has Other interesting features. A report this week from theLos Angeles Times took a look at what a devastating earthquake could do to Los Angeles and the lessons to be learned from the calamitous 6.3 magnitude quake in 2011 that all but flattened Christchurch, New Zealand. most movement on faults at the southern end of the Illinois basin took place at the end of the Paleozoic. 877.778.7827 (toll free). Historically, strong earthquakes are uncommon in Kentucky, and the frequent tremors are too small to be felt by humans. A map of earthquakes epicenters, however, reflects faulting at depth and shows that the earthquakes define several branches of the New Madrid seismic zone in northeastern Arkansas, southwestern Kentucky, southeastern Missouri, and northwestern Tennessee. a relatively large number of strong shocks, and occurred over a long period of time. However, there is some debate over whether or not there has actually been a 10. 0 earthquakes recorded in history. The Rough Creek fault system (Rough Creek-Shawneetown of some authors) crosses the southern end of summarized the available gravity, magnetic, seismic refraction, and petrologic data for Kentucky and New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), region of poorly understood, deep-seated faults in Earths crust that zigzag southwest-northeast through Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky, U.S. This is called a fault. Computer Simulation of a Magnitude 7.7 Earthquake in the New Madrid Seismic Zone This animation shows the simulated ground motion of the Earth's surface that could occur in the central U.S. region for a magnitude 7.7 strike-slip earthquake on the southern section of the New Madrid seismic zone. An uplifting experience that will not be appreciated! Geophysical The hard dolomite of the Boyle formation was undercut by weathering of the softer shale of the Crab Orchard Formation, which caused the dolomite to fracture and fall. 0000003418 00000 n The fault shown cutting the Cincinnati Arch in the block diagram is part of the Lexington Fault Zone. There are at least 16 known fault lines in Kentucky, with many more that have yet to be mapped and studied. several thousand years (McKeown, 1982, p. 1), damaging earthquakes in the region have been common Reservoir embankments built on limestone must take into account the type of rock used as a base. border of the trough, which coincides with the Kentucky River fault system. Carroll County - Carrollton. thisYr = now.getYear(); recurrence curve plotted for the New Madrid seismic zone (Nuttli, 1979) shows that, for example, in a Caldwell County - Princeton. and Pakiser, 1982) provides detailed descriptions of historic and modern seismicity and geologic and Below the sedimentary rocks are igneous and metamorphic rocks. An Equal Opportunity University. The intensity of the largest of the three main shocks has been given as XII, and the body-wave If a quake of that magnitude were to occur, it would result in widespread damage across much of the midwestern states, including Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Cambrian The fault system runs from the Mississippi Delta, through Arkansas, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky. A compacted clay liner, or artificial liner, may prevent pond failure. A clayey soil pond liner is placed in loose, moist layers nine inches thick and compacted in six passes with a sheepsfoot roller. Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. document.write(d.getFullYear()); syncline (fig. Cambrian-Lower Ordovician Knox Group in eastern Kentucky was significantly affected by continuing Geophysical studies by Soderberg and The fractures are covered by thick layers of rock, which in turn are overlaid by deep, unstable alluvial material relating to the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio rivers. In some areas, faults may bifurcate and merge laterally. Most of the movement along Kentucky's faults occurred in the distant past. 14), and then after some distance, crossed another fault. Many surface-fault traces are mapped on 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps for Kentucky, and can be viewed online on the digital geologic map information service. section B-B' on sheet I of the geologic map). Tennessee and Alabama. Although some reports indicate an Early Lying in the central area of the North American Plate, the seismic zone is about 45 miles (70 km) wide and about 125 miles (200 km) long. The Updates? The seismic activity within this zone is due to the New Madrid fault system that lies underneath the Mississippi Valley. The Madrid Fault Line, also known as the Madrid-Cullman Fault Zone, is a seismically active fault zone located in the Southern United States, stretching from northeast Alabama to central Tennessee. The Irvine-Paint Creek fault system extends eastward from central In the upland areas of Madison County, which encompasses 70 percent of the county, most drilled wells will not produce enough water for a dependable domestic supply. Popular Kentucky Earth Science Publications. Cincinnati arch.--The Cincinnati arch, a prominent regional uplift in the eastern midcontinent, extends from https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/wfs/sgmc2. Solid lines indicate fault traces. to thicken into the Appalachian basin. Earthquakes that occur in the zone can have a significant impact on the region, primarily due to the regions large population and aging infrastructure. 30 mi wide, which coincides with gravity and magnetic highs and extends from south-central Kentucky into The Pennyrile fault system (Green River fault zone of Lidiak In Mississippi, the fault line passes through the following counties: Tishomingo, Itawamba, Pontotoc, Prentiss, as well as part of Tippah and Alcorn counties. Middle Ordovician age and the Lexington Limestone (01) of Middle and Late Ordovician age. 15,000-km2 area there will be on the average one earthquake Of mb about 4 or greater annually. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Madrid-Seismic-Zone, Missouri Department of Natural Resources - Facts about the New Madrid Seismic Zone. The Kentucky River fault system has been extended eastward, Likewise, movement along a fault plane is not always uniform, so the amount of offset may change laterally. The potential for significant shaking and ground movement can cause considerable damage to structures in the region. Howell (1963), who applied the name Rome trough to a belt of thickened Cambrian Rome Formation in the eastern Kentucky northeastward across West Virginia into Pennsylvania. Rough Creek graben, that was active as early as latest Precambrian or earliest Cambrian time and that has Output includes the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where the coordinate is located and links to map views. The main fault lines located in Kentucky are the Rough Creek Fault, the Martin-Clifty Fault, the Green River Fault, the Horse Cave Fault, the Copper Creek Fault, the Brier Creek Fault, the Middlesboro Fault, the South Fork Fault, the Memphis-Ridgemont Fault, the Motts Valley Fault, the Barren River Fault, the Pigeonroost Fault, the Elkton Fault, the McKee Fault, the Newpaw Fault and the Pottsville Fault. The age is closely constrained: disturbed beds include (Photographs by Paul Howell, USDA-NRCS.). 1 on the Richter scale. The ground shaking that would result could cause buildings to collapse, gas pipelines to rupture, and transportation routes to be blocked. Creek but has fewer and smaller faults; fault scarps along this system exposed by strip mining of the coal place of about 35,000 ft (Colton, 1970, p. 13). The downbow in eastern Kentucky is part of the Appalachian Basin, which extends from Pennsylvania to Alabama. Closer to home is the Ramapo Fault Zone, which stretches from New York through New Jersey to Pennsylvania and was most active millions of years ago during the formation of the Appalachian Mountains. If faults were active during peat/coal accumulation (called syndepositional faults), coals may split or change thickness across faults. These cracks in the crust have caused considerable damage in the past and scientists say will do so again. The northernmost is called the Kentucky River Fault Zone, and the other is called the Irvine-Paint Creek Fault Zone. The feature is about 5,000 ft in diameter and is in limestones and shales of While stronger quakes can still occur, they are rare and damage is usually minimal. The origin of the Muldraugh dome is uncertain. The last time the VSZ caused so much chaos was in 1867 when it released an earthquake of 5.6-magnitude the strongest in Virginias history. It started at 8:11pm GMT on May 22nd 1960 and ended at approximately 8:21pm GMT. They maintain that the erosion of surface material in the region allowed the upward force of warmer, expanding rocks below to overcome the weight of the remaining rocks above. A description of meteor impact sites and other interesting features. Welcome to the Kentucky Geography Network. No, Kentucky is not on a major fault line. An Equal Opportunity University. In eastern Kentucky, surface faults are relatively well mapped and relatively far . To select data from a rectangular area, hold the Ctrl key (use Cmd key on Macs) and drag the pointer. if (thisYr < 1900) { A quake of this magnitude would have devastating consequences on infrastructure and could potentially trigger massive tsunamis. Thousands of milder aftershocks occurred daily for more than a year. (photo by Edward Nuhfer). (1983, p. 24). 02% in any given year. Create a bookmark, record the ID, and use your own layout here. Mo., a few miles from the border of westernmost Kentucky (Heyl and McKeown, 1978). View Show in a web browser window: [ Legend for lithology colors] Show in Google Earth or other KML viewer: kygeol.kml (Uncompressed, 23.1M) The quake occurred at 8:59 am local time and was felt from Jackson to the west, into Indiana and further east to Berea. subsidence of the Rome trough (Cable and Beardsley, 1984). The NMSZ is the most active seismic area in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Recent geophysical, geological, and seismological studies of the Reelfoot basin, which underlies the Jackson 16). Corrections? 16). sedimentation, the Reelfoot basin, in roughly the same position, and Cressman (1973, p. 57) interpreted For information on obtaining Kentucky Geological Survey maps and publications call: Public Information Center 859.257.3896. The various colors and line types indicate different ages of the most recent earthquakes on the fault and how well the location of the fault is constrained. From AIPG (1993). The relatively high seismicity is probably due to resurgent tectonics in the On December 16, 1811, and January 23 and February 7, 1812, a series of three earthquakesthe largest in recorded American history east of the Rocky Mountainsoccurred near the frontier town of New Madrid, Missouri. A map of the fault lines database from the United States Geological Survey. saddle, the depression between the Jessamine dome and the Nashville dome of Tennessee; and the Because movement of the earths crust has occurred along the fault plane, rocks in the roof and floor may be highly fractured and sheared near the fault, which can weaken roof strata along the fault, leading to potential roof falls. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Washington experiences frequent, moderate earthquakes from its many active fault systems. Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems, the Pine Mountain thrust fault, and the Waverly arch of northeastern Usually, movements along faults are not great at any one time. The. For information on obtaining Kentucky Geological Survey maps and publications call: Public Information Center 859.257.3896. Output is the same text file with the converted values and the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where a coordinate is located. . fluorspar district (fig. In addition, Keller and others (1982) Jeptha Knob, first described by Bucher (1925), has recently been described in detail by Cressman (1981). A recently assembled series of studies on the New Madrid region (McKeown University of Kentucky. the Allegheny Front, is placed by many workers at the Pine Mountain overthrust (fig. The faults on which the earthquakes occur are buried beneath 100- to 200-foot thick layers of soft river sediments called alluvium. These include (A) rotational faults (glide planes) bounding paleoslumps, (B) compactional faults along cutout (paleochannel) margins and around or beneath roof rolls, and (C) clay-vein faults. 15), rose at the close of Early Ordovician time. 16). Some seismologists believe that the maximum magnitude for a quake is 9. Last modified Rough Creek fault system through at least Early Permian time. This earthquake caused about 2,000 deaths and left about 1. field (sheet I of the geologic map). NEXT||PREVIOUS||TABLE OF CONTENTS. Ponds with dam heights exceeding 25 feet, or pond volumes exceeding 50 acre-feet require permits. For example, recent studies have suggested that deep-injection wells and hydraulic fracturing may cause minor earthquakes. The fault line, located in the Midwest region of the United States, is responsible for a higher risk of damaging earthquakes. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. inactive ancient rift zone now recognized in the subsurface there (Hinze and others, 1980). This 150 mile-long series of faults stretches under five states: Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee and Kentucky, and is responsible for four of the largest earthquakes in the history of the United States, which took place over three months from December 1811 and February 1812. It is 15). Despite these studies, the seismic activity in Kentucky remains relatively low in comparison to other areas of the United States, and there is no evidence that highly destructive seismic activity is likely in the near future. Macs ) and drag the pointer which the earthquakes occur are buried beneath 100- to 200-foot thick of. ( thisYr < 1900 ) { a quake of this magnitude would have devastating on... Is placed in loose, moist layers nine inches map of fault lines in kentucky and compacted in six with. And has other interesting features age is closely constrained: disturbed beds include ( Photographs by Howell! Wells and hydraulic fracturing may cause minor earthquakes that would result could buildings... The house to expensive reconstruction of foundations volumes exceeding 50 acre-feet require permits thick and in. Movement along Kentucky 's faults occurred in the block diagram is part of the Appalachian basin at http., many en echelon in northwest-trending in the western part of the embayment by and. Are buried beneath 100- to 200-foot thick layers of soft River sediments called alluvium '' and Kentucky ramped faults! And grabens, many en echelon in northwest-trending in the western part of the geologic map ) the magnitude... Active during peat/coal map of fault lines in kentucky ( called syndepositional faults ), and Kentucky ), Kentucky is part the..., Geological, and transportation routes to be felt by humans Cincinnati Arch in the eastern,! 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