The Sami followed and cared for these herds during their grazing cycle. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. The tundra, found in Iceland and the northern reaches of Scandinavia and Russia, is a treeless region where small mosses, lichens, and ferns grow. These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. Ireland: geography and landscape. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. Check out this amazing list of Austria facts that include history, food, culture, and more. From there it flows to the Caspian Sea. Intense trade introduced many species, which often overtook native plants. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). That broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. It is the smallest country both in size and population. The nation of Germany was divided in two. Asia is not Europe ;-). The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. Fr die fehlerfreie Verwendung der CORDIS-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein. Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with . Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Flag. Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. Map created by National Geographic Maps. Please enable JavaScript. Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. About 18% of all Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious. There are also central highlands and deserts features in the south. Let's take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. Veuillez activer JavaScript. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. As a continent with hugely diverse topography, the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting collection. When it comes to geographical facts about Europe, and in particular the mountains, most people will assume that the names at the top of the list will be the famous Mont Blanc or the Matterhorn. Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. Germany's largest wooded area,. 4. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. Regional climatic contrasts nevertheless exist: oceanic, Mediterranean, and continental types occur widely, as do gradations from one to the other. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south.Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. National Geographic News: New Fault Found in EuropeMay 'Close Up' Adriatic Sea, National Geographic News: Volcanic Ash Stops Europe FlightsWhy Ash Is Dangerous, European Environment Agency: European Land Cover, National Geographic Education: Mapping EuropeLand Mammal Range. Updates? The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. By the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires collapsed and broke into a dozen separate nations. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. [citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable, democratic form of government, a free-market economy, and commitment to the rule of law.The rapid growth of the European Union, however, has caused a number of administrative and political tensions. Only hill masses less than 800 feet (240 metres) in height rise gently within the Russian (East European) Plain, which continues northward into Finland, westward into the North European Plain, and southward in the Romanian, Bulgarian, and Hungarian plains. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. Another important physical feature is the southeast-northwest zone of windblown loess deposits that have accumulated from eastern Britain to Ukraine. The temperature difference between summer and winter gradually increases from coastal northwest Europe to southeast inland Europe, ranging from Ireland, with a temperature difference of only 10C from the warmest to the coldest month, to the area north of the Caspian Sea, with a temperature difference of 40C. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. The Brde (German: edge) belt lies at the northern foot of the Central European Uplands and the Carpathians. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . A small troop of Barbary macaques lives on the tiny island of Gibraltar, between Spain and the African country of Morocco.The waters surrounding Europe are home to a number of organisms, including fish, seaweeds, marine mammals, and crustaceans. It was clear as well that a succession of climates, markedly different from those of the Mediterranean borderlands, were to be experienced as Europe was penetrated from the south. The highest summit in Iceland is Hvannadals Peak, at 6,952 feet (2,119 metres), while Ben Nevis, the highest peak in Great Britain, stands at an elevation of only 4,406 feet (1,343 metres). Przemek. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). All of the events must come together under a common theme or themes. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. The Iron Curtain took on the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and limited diplomacy. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. The Netherlands shares its maritime borders with UK and France. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The city of Milan is regarded as a major fashion capital, hosting an international fashion week twice a year. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Borders between existing nations, such as Poland and Russia, were entirely redrawn.World War II (1939-1945) left about 43 million Europeans dead, including about 6 million who died in the Holocaust. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). Germany's location at the heart of Europe has shaped its history both for good and bad. As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, all 27 member states of the European Union agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2020 (from 1990 levels).The EU also notified the UN of a conditional offer to increase this cut to 30 percent, provided that other major emitters agree to take on their fair share of a global reduction effort. This conditional offer illustrates the tension that was present at the conference between developed countries high carbon emissions and developing countries low or rising carbon use. Kazakhstan. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with inland penetration by means of navigable rivers. Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. Among the continents, Europe is an anomaly. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. The Kimmel Falls are the tallest in Europe and also 5th in the list of the worlds highest waterfalls. Understanding Europe's Topography. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. You cannot download interactives. Europe's northernmost point is the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and it reaches as far south as the islands of Greece and Malta.Europe is sometimes described as a peninsula of peninsulas. The Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. These camps were mostly populated by Roma, also called Gypsies. The southern regions are mountainous while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. These nations do not feel an obligation to accept illegal immigrants, seeing them as both a threat and a burden.Supporters of the crackdown want to stop illegal immigration. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. Enacting regional social policies and economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European Union, may help curb that trend. Aby witryna CORDIS dziaaa poprawnie, obsuga JavaScript musi by wczona. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. When it . Norway has the longest coastline in Europe. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. Only Oceania has less landmass. In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. 5. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. Turkey and Cyprus in particular, while geologically Asian, possess elements of European culture and may be regarded as parts of Europe. Corrections? Ethnic Groups / People of Europe are at 87. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. It's a multi-lingual continent. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. Si prega di abilitare JavaScript. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. 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