Work can be as natural as play if the conditions are favorable. T or F, According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic are not intrinsically motivated. 1. 2. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. McGregor identified that people act according to their premises and assumptions. Herzberg's two-factor theory. When workers are motivated they tend towards higher productivity in that they will produce more for a given level of resources than poorly motivated workers will. 4. IvyPanda. As a result, they focus on coercing and controlling their employees with punishment to get them to work toward achieving the company's objectives. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. Herzberg's hygiene factors. It allows two people to do one job. It mightseemthat the optimal approach to human resource management would lie somewhere between these extremes. 2. The idea behind using letters X and Y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. 2. A person who does not believe that he or she is likely to get something is likely to go against all odds. The soft approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in return, employees will cooperate when asked. Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? ________ involves changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. 4. when two people do one job. 4. by creating a competitive environment at the workplace Influencing such major management gurus such as Peter Drucker and Warren Bennis, McGregor's revolutionary Theory Y-which contends that individuals are self-motivated and self-directed-and Theory X-in which employees must be commanded and controlled-has been widely taught in business schools, industrial relations schools, psychology departments . At the weekly management meeting, Dakota is recognized by his boss for a job well done on a recent project. It improves the ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. Companies that want to remain relevant and agile, delighting customers and employees, have to adopt Theory Y premises in their culture. Using either theory is an extreme style of management. McGregor encouraged organizations to adopt more of a Theory Y leadership style. 1. It increases overhead costs for companies. 1. job hopping Businessballs Ltd assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result of use. McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. Reward systems must correspond to intrinsic factors if employees are to be motivated. 5. IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Reduce a company's operating expenses The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. 3. ignore the security needs of his employees. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: Many managers tend toward Theory X and generally get poor results. Such individuals are used to working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks. An inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals is called motivation 3. Explore our library and get Management Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. Lillian Gilbreth. 2. The explanation: Its not just technology, business models, products, and services that evolve, but so do people. Is the team demotivated because of a lack of incentives? McGregor's Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. This theory creates a negative environment that instills fear, underconfidence, and insecurity. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. Selena is a programmer for a streaming company. More than changes in organizational assumptions, HR must lead the change in organizational assumptions in favor of talent retention and a strong culture in terms of agility, creativity, and innovation. 4. Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X and Theory Y In the late 1950s and early 1960s. 2. McGregor believed that a managers assumptions about their employees determined their leadership style in the workplace. Some employees require guidance and are not comfortable with undefined working boundaries. As part of this theory, managers must be able to motivate employees. Herzberg's hygiene factors. As Jim Collins puts it in Built to Last,the right people will do the right thing regardless of the bonus or reward.. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Abraham Maslow. Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. 3. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Anand believes that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision. Theory Z was first described by: The X-Y. He believed that by following Theory Y, supervisors could motivate their workers to achieve their highest potential. This demonstrates Olivia's morale. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Job rotation Perhaps the most noticeable aspects of McGregor's XY Theory - and the easiest to illustrate - are found in the behaviours of autocratic managers and organisations which use autocratic management styles. Behavior modification is the most widely discussed application of equity theory, the theory that behavior can be strengthened or weakened through the use of rewards and punishments. In his book, The Human Side of Enterprise, he outlined a new role . Therefore, it often cannot push employees to perform better. 26. option C is correct. Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. Effort in work is as natural as work and play. Employees under this theory seek responsibility as motivational drivers. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. What is the rationale behind job enlargement strategies? Theory X-based cultures will fail to retain the best talent for the simple fact that knowledge workers cannot tolerate systems based on command and control, micromanagement, and a management style of the last century. Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. Facilitator Andr Cruz digs into it. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Under Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results. B. work is as natural as play or rest. T or F, Good News, a public relations agency, has a rule that employees can choose their start and end times as long as they were in the office between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. However, if the team members are self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers should opt for a democratic management style. | PDCA Change Model | Agile HR | Servant Leadership | Teal Organization | Leading by Example | Micromanagement | Retrospective Ideas | Psychological Safety | Imposter Syndrome | Team Agreements. The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business and management readers a clear overview of McGregor's ideas, their use, critique, and contribution to . McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and Affiliation, Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factor, Instructional Design Certificate (Fully Online), ADDIE Instructional Design Certificate Program (Fully Online), Instructional Design Models Certificate (Fully Online), Model of Motivation: ARCS Instructional Design. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Theory X and Theory Y were proposed by management theorist Douglas McGregor. 3. social needs 1. 1. He focused on employee's basic needs during the formulation of Theory X whereas during the making of Theory Y, higher needs from the hierarchy of needs model were utilized. Most people are gullible and unintelligent. 3. McGregor's Theory X/Y (1957; 1960/1985; 1966; 1967), one of the most famous theories of motivation and leadership, has had a profound effect on managerial thinking over the past fifty years. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Turn your workplace into a happy workplace! Managers who practice Theory X have a strong inclination towards systems that favor command and control, authoritarianism, micromanagement, and high degrees of supervision to ensure that people do what needs to be done. 1. ignore his employee's needs for personal growth. 3. productivity remaining the same despite an increase in efficiency These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. 86 McGregor's Theory X/Y & Job Performance LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES Theory X/Y Described Briefly put, McGregor (1960) advanced three ideas. After employing a particular theory, monitor its performance. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. Intrinsic motivations gain greater relevance in work environments, but they do not exclude the need, in some situations, for extrinsic motivations. Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. Theory X and Theory Y describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. Aliyah is likely to assume that: Theory Z was developed by William Ouchi, in his book 1981 'Theory Z: How American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge '. Instead, self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs must be fulfilled to motivate the team members. (2022, May 11). ADVERTISEMENTS: Employee Engagement | Delegation Skills |Change Management | Emotional Intelligence | Diversity in the Workplace | OKRs | Feedback | Star Interview Questions |Intrinsic Motivation |Agile Leadership | Time Management | Leadership Qualities| Company Culture | Management Skills | Employee Motivation | Mindful Leadership | Managing Up | Building Resilience | Stress Management Tips |What is a Change Agent? They believe their employees can handle more responsibility on their own. Douglas McGregor, one of Maslow 's students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X managers only focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers focus on all the other types of needs. Theory X is an authoritative approach to motivating employees where the manager has a pessimistic opinion about their team members. Job sharing If an employee is not motivated, the manager will provide the employee with more responsibility and authority. The Theory X management style is based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes the following: The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible. Rosalyn is a social media manager. hygiene factor? McGregor's Theory Y Please note, that they were not created by McGregor. 3. workers are not capable of self-control. Drawing on Maslows hierarchy of needs, McGregor argues that a need, once satisfied, no longer motivates. 3. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. 3. However, neither of these extremes is optimal. Fig. 4. 4. She views her company favorably, and she enjoys working with her colleagues. McClelland's need for achievement underlies Maslow's self-actualization. Every worker deserves a cookie and privacy! See also the article about Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 1. 4. the traditional view of management. 5. the humanistic view of management. This site is developed by Dr. Serhat Kurt. Workers are willing to accept challenges and are proud of the work that they do. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Most people find happiness in hard work under the right conditions. McGregor's Theory Y matches much of Maslow's self-actualization level of motivation. Authoritarian management style is applied by the management, where the managers closely monitor and supervise each employee. 5. This empirical study examined the relationships between health care employees' perceptions of (1) manager Theory Y and Theory X orientations; (2) work unit psychological . Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? 3. Theory Y managers believe that the average worker prefers to be directed, while Theory X managers believe that people will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve objectives to which they are committed. Herzberg's hygiene factors. It is based on the assumption that self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory, Hillcrest Memorial Hospital: Employee Motivation and Empowerment, Empowerment of Workers in Hospitality Organizations, An Overview Of the Work Done By Maslow, Herzberg and McGregor, The evolution of McGregors Theory X and Theory Y in relation to the development of management theory, The X and Y Theories by D. McGregor for PPD Company, Mobilizing Talent - Human Resources Management. Theory X managers focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs. An authoritative management style can hamper employee learning, building, and development. Integrity Health Alliance, a health care company, allows its employees to work at home a few days per week, staying connected via email, phone, and videoconference calls. Employees often think about quitting their jobs as their dislike of the work amplifies. 4. increase in productivity as pay increased 4. the traditional view of management. Students have large amounts of creative thinking and innovation that is applied throughout their learning journey. It is much more decentralized and requires more participation from the managers, but assumes that workers would also be committed to the long-term goals of the company. Theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over their employees than Theory X managers. 4. Theory X stands for the set of traditional beliefs held, while Theory-Y stands for the set of beliefs based on researchers in behavioral science which are concerned with modern social views on the man at work. All of the following are ways to retain good employees except: Theory X and Theory Y suggest two aspects of human behavior at work. But what does it mean in practice? 1. 2022. 4. job rotation. Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. The company usesmonetary rewards and benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs. 2. extrinsic need 1. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/, IvyPanda. McGregors X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. reward is the sole motivator for workers. B. a Theory Y manager according to McGregor. Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid work whereas Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of their work. The theory can lead to managers becoming lazy, as they can delegate and decentralize all work to their subordinates in the name of transferring authority. 1. esteem needs 4. Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. People will be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment. Open communication and regular incentives are the foundation of this theory, as managers believe in not controlling the staff but collaborating with them. 4. telecommuting. If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. A compressed workweek is: One day, she decides to compare the company's engagement data against the company's top competitor and shares the insights with her boss. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. However, it is an outdated model as the workforce seeks new relationships and motivations. The test is a simple reflective tool, not a scientifically validated instrument; it's a learning aid and broad indicator. We will write a custom Coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. 5. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. B)the humanistic view of management. 3. security needs 2. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Theory X, Theory Y. Herzberg's motivational factors. Each level, or type of human need, can only be achieved if all of the levels below are satisfied, starting with basic needs at the bottom. 1. job sharing. 2. Behavior modification. If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. Maslow indicated that when a need is not satisfied, then it needs motivation. Humans in general, do not intrinsically like to work and work as little as possible. 1. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. They failed to incite change. Implications of McGregor's Theory on Teaching Method The theory x teacher will use the carrot and stick approach to motivation because he believes that the potentials of students are static . A job well done on a recent project actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the use of the... Workforce motivation https: //ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/, mcgregor's theory x corresponds to large amounts of creative thinking and innovation that is being more! The week to avoid it ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to people! Motivational drivers toward goals is called motivation 3 employee learning, building, and social needs must fulfilled! 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