et al. We further stratified analyses for different types of plants. J This is especially true because the by-products of coal plants also include toxic components including sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides, all of which are also associated with negative health outcomes (32). Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; LBW, low birth weight; OR, odds ratio; PTD, preterm delivery; VPTD, very preterm delivery. Rahmani These Experts Are Racing to Protect AI From Hackers. Natural gas is burned to generate electricity by passing hot pressurized gases through either a combined-cycle combustion turbine (CCCT) or simple-cycle combustion turbine (SCCT) connected to an electric generator. Natural gas power accounts for about 20 percent of the nation's electricity. Prenatal exposure was assigned to each birth as the average daily PM2.5 concentration over the first trimester for the grid in which it falls. It is possible that socioeconomic status confounded the association that we observed in this study. We geocoded 423,719 singleton Florida births born from 2004 to 2005 and all active power plants and determined residential proximity to the nearest power plant for each birth. 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Which states consume and produce the most natural gas. We were also unable to adjust for daily activities patterns. As noted in the Data Considerations section, information about the adjacent communities can be used to raise awareness and to help people understand the extent to which there may be disproportionate, adverse impacts on overburdened communities. When stratifying by different fuel type, we found that only solid waste had an association with term LBW, whereas oil, gas, and solid waste all had an association with PTD and VPTD. Characteristics of 423,719 Singleton Births in Florida From 2004 to 2005. A T For each demographic, the percentages of these communities within three miles of a power plant greater than and less than the national averages are displayed. Some power plants also Few studies have assessed the associations between residential proximity to power plants and adverse birth outcomes including preterm delivery (PTD), very preterm delivery (VPTD), and term low birth weight (LBW). et al. Air pollution has been extensively linked to many negative health outcomes ranging from cardiorespiratory diseases (13) to hospitalizations (46) and mortality (7, 8). Moshammer Search for other works by this author on: Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: an update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association, Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD, A systematic review of air pollution and incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, Urban air pollution, and asthma and COPD hospital emergency room visits, Acute and subacute effects of urban air pollution on cardiopulmonary emergencies and mortality: time series studies in Austrian cities, Multicity study of air pollution and mortality in Latin America (the ESCALA study), The short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality in four Australian cities, Estimating the national public health burden associated with exposure to ambient PM, Ambient air pollution, birth weight and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Ambient air pollution and risk of congenital anomalies: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Ambient air pollution and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, Ambient air pollution and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Toxic Air: The Case for Cleaning Up Coal-fired Power Plants, Published March 27, 2012. EM Fann R A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Roth Moreover, there is recent evidence suggesting that harmful emissions from power plants may be increasing (16). The photo to the right shows gas venting out of an open pipe shortly before the explosion on February 7th. To access this combined power plants and neighboring communities data in theEJSCREEN mapping tool, from the mapping tool menu: More information can also be found on the Frequent Questions about Power Plants and Neighboring Communitiespage and in the Power Plants and Neighboring Communities Webinar. Fig. update email soon. M EIA's free and open data available as API, Excel add-in, bulk files, and widgets. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Exploration and reserves, storage, imports and exports, production, prices, sales. et al. To compare continuous and categorical characteristics for participants with and without the 3 adverse birth outcomes, we performed t tests and 2 tests. The Author 2015. Includes hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and ethanol. Martinez Reply STOP to cancel. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Sign up or text "SCIENCE" to 67369. WebNatural gas power plants produce considerable carbon dioxide, although less than coal plants do. Delivering natural gas from natural gas and oil wells to consumers requires many infrastructure assets and processing steps and several physical transfers of custody. We chose first trimester because 1) first trimester exposure to PM2.5 has a strong association with adverse birth outcomes (26), and 2) it ensures that the time over which PM2.5 is averaged is similar for cases and controls. Krewski Because there was evidence of spatial clustering of power plants, distance from power plants may not be the best measure of exposure. Second, just because the electric sector is cleaner than the transportation sector does not mean the electric sector is not dirty. When stratified by type of plants in order to compare birth outcomes among women who lived close to or farther from different types of power plants, our data showed that solid waste plants had associations with all adverse birth outcomes. D Geer Initial calculations conducted by the USB determined that about 400,000 standard cubic feet of natural gas had been released into the atmosphere within the 10 minutes prior to the incident. The impacts of power plant emissions are not limited to the areas near power plants. How Much Land Would it Require to Get Most of Our Electricity from Wind and Solar? Cons. These mortality estimates were significantly higher for the older population. Some of the highest-polluting natural gas power plants emit over 100 tons of NOx per year, which is roughly equivalent to the NOx emissions from traveling 11 million Ren In addition, women who were closest to coal plants were exposed to the highest levels of PM2.5 (mean = 10.7 (standard deviation (SD), 2.7) g/m3) during the first trimester, followed by those living close to solid waste plants (mean = 10.1 (SD, 1.8) g/m3), gas plants (mean = 9.5 (SD, 2.1) g/m3), and oil plants (mean = 9.3 (SD, 1.8) g/m3). D Manzanares We stratified the plots by fuel type for comparison. et al. A recent study by the Union of Concerned Scientists found that natural gas power plants in California will start and stop much more frequently in the future, and this increase in natural gas plant start-ups may increase NOx emissions. Updated March 27, 2012. If a community is at or above the 80thpercentile nationally, it means that the community's population for a given demographic (for example, low-income) is an equal or higher percentage than where 80%of the U.S. population lives. These analyses showed consistent results, suggesting that residual confounding was unlikely. we equip you to harness the power of disruptive innovation, at work and at home. Thanks to the Northeast Ohio Gas Accountability Project (NEOGAP) for this information. The type of nearest power plant was also identified by fuel type. When ultrasound is not available, fundal height (determined by clinical examination) or menstrual history is used to estimate gestational age. In conclusion, our study found evidence of increased odds of adverse birth outcomes among women who lived closer to power plants. C Maps by energy source and topic, includes forecast maps. First, natural gas power plants do not move they just sit there and emit NOx when they are operating. Zhu State Disclosures, Senior Advocate, Dirty Energy, Lands Division, Nature Program. However, emissions from natural gas power plants are only a fraction of the emissions from stationary sources, so NOx emissions from natural gas power plants end up being roughly 1% of total NOx emissions in California. Romieu WebThis is so because the stack is usually several 100s meters tall, so that pollutants in flue gas are dispersed in the atmosphere and only have an influence at distances in the range of These pollutants have been linked to adverse birth outcomes in many studies. Results were consistent when exposure was categorized by number of power plants. et al. . Reserves, production, prices, employment and productivity, distribution, stocks, imports and exports. Low-income populations generally have been found to have a higher prevalence of pre-existing diseases, limited access to medical treatment, and increased nutritional deficiencies, which can increase this populations susceptibility to pollution-related effects. HL Natural gas processing can be complex and usually involves several steps to remove oil, water, HGLS, and other impurities such as sulfur, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide. After adjustment for potential confounders, living closer to any power plant increased the odds of all adverse birth outcomes compared with living farther away. G The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders or data provider. Moreover, these associations showed an exposure-response relationship with closer residents having the higher odds. Energy & Financial Markets: What Drives Crude Oil Prices? Senior Energy Analyst, James Gignac The sample prevalence was 2.4% for term LBW, 8.2% for PTD, and 1.5% for VPTD. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. This association is also consistent with our data that showed, on average, that women close to nuclear plants and other plants were exposed to lower levels of PM2.5. Crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, diesel, propane, and other liquids including biofuels and natural gas liquids. Yli-Tuomi J The results remained consistent when exposure was categorized (Table3). (* edit). There are a lot of factors that you need to consider. Different countries have a different regulation regarding the measurements of where to reside keep you informed with the latest alerts and progress reports. Lee Bell B While a natural gas-fired power plant emits only about half the carbon dioxide as a coal plant, thats still far from zero. An official website of the United States government. Chang Park All rights reserved. H SC Ha Association Between Number of Plants Within 20 km, by Fuel Type, and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Florida From 2004 to 2005. a Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, maternal education, marital status, census block group income, and urban neighborhood. This practice, although common, is inherently unsafe. Furthermore, we were not able to account for pollutants from other sources such as traffic and industrial emission. Given that PM2.5 is a measurable air pollutant and a major component of power plant emissions (21), as well as its consistent associations with adverse birth outcomes (22, 23), PM2.5 can serve as a good indicator for air pollution from power plants. We were unable to perform analyses for more refined proximity categories because of low sample size for certain cells. Rajagopalan Hu Furthermore, our data also showed that proximity to coal and solid waste plants was also correlated to higher PM2.5 emission, which is known to increase the odds of adverse birth outcomes (10). We will Do not touch the fence because it might be electrified, and the guards might mistake you for an anti-nuclear activist trying to break in. Apart fr Such information would be valuable in public health efforts to reduce adverse birth outcomes. Four people died last year during a gas blow at a ConAgra Slim Jim factory in North Carolina. L This finding is plausible as these plants produce high concentrations of nitric oxides that have been found to increase the odds of these outcomes (30, 33). JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. This almost-great Raspberry Pi alternative is missing one key feature, This $75 dock turns your Mac Mini into a Mac Studio (sort of), Samsung's Galaxy S23 Plus is the Goldilocks of its 2023 smartphone lineup, How the New Space Race Will Drive Innovation, How the metaverse will change the future of work and society, Digital transformation: Trends and insights for success, Software development: Emerging trends and changing roles. Distance from the nearest power plants was measured in kilometers. HUD goes further and states that "Operating and abandoned oil and gas wells pose potentialhazards to housing, in Ohio the setback from a homeis 100 feet, Northeast Ohio Gas Accountability Project. Albaladejo RJ DM You can explore the distribution of all plants for a particular demographic by selecting the label or bar for the demographic. ML Quadrant D shows power plants located in or nearcommunities with both the low-income and people of color percentages less than the national averages. Association Between Proximity to Power Plants and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Florida From 2004 to 2005. Some layersare not visible until the map is zoomed in. One of the reasons for the differences may be a result of the spatial clustering of power plants. Tsai For example, the fact that our study showed an increased proportion of females among the term LBW group and a decreased proportion of females among the PTD and VPTD groups confirmed previous findings. Would it be safe to live on land that once belonged to a nuclear power plant if that plant had no accidents? If everything had been done properly t Those who were closest to nuclear plants (mean = 7.7 (SD, 1.9) g/m3) and other plants (mean = 8.5 (SD, 2.0) g/m3) were exposed to the lowest levels of PM2.5 (Figure2B; Supplementary Data). A Saurel-Cubizolles Forsberg Some places in the country, however, still have setbacks for homes that are less then 300 feet. 4.5 shows the two schemes considered by the authors. Weedon But coal is just about the dirtiest way to produce electricity, so almost anything will seem cleaner in comparison. We observed a 1.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 2.3) increased odds for PTD, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.0, 3.4) for VPTD, and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.2, 2.0) for term LBW for each 5 km closer to any power plant. Neuberger Still, being aware of the characteristics of communities closest to power plants is a starting point in understanding the potential sources of pollution that may impact a community and how changes in a power plants air emissions may affect the air quality experienced by some of those already vulnerable to environmental burdens. its plants and animals, and the natural systems on which all life depends. Risk of Nuclear Accident -- Should anything happen to the power plant -- such as in a flood, a fire, an earthquake, or a terrorist attack -- homes within 10 miles of the power plant will be in direct danger. In New York, power-sector emissions Terms, Conditions, and Privacy Policy. We used logistic regression models to investigate the association between proximity to a power plant and the adverse birth outcomes. significantly reduced many of these pollutants over the past two decades, Mapping Power Plants and Neighboring Communities, GraphingPower Plants and Neighboring Communities, EJ Screening Reportfor the Clean Power Plan, Frequent Questions about Power Plants and Neighboring Communities, Power Plants and Neighboring Communities Webinar. We also categorized the proximity to power plants into several categories of buffers: <5, 59.9, 1019.9, and 20 km. There were 150 active nonrenewable power plants with different fuel types including 17 coal plants, 66 gas plants, 3 nuclear plants, 28 oil plants, 29 solid waste plants, and 7 plants with other types of fuel (e.g., coke, etc.). Does EIA have maps or information on the location of natural gas and oil pipelines? (617) 547-5552. Lamson This method assumes that pregnant women stayed at those same addresses throughout their pregnancy. Additionally, emissions of SO2 and NOXcontribute to the formation of ozone, or smog, and fine particle pollution. At this point you might be wondering, So how bad is it? RE: How far away should you live from a power plant? From a coal-fired power plant I would want to be at least ten miles upwind and nowhere near th The graph will update to show the number of plants in five percentileranges between zero and one hundred for the selected demographic. Populations found to be particularly vulnerable to environmental pollution include the poor, the elderly, the very young, those already in poor health, and/or indigenous populations. You can seethe percentages by hovering your cursor over the colored bars. To help answer questions about environmental justice in the communities around power plants, information on the following six key demographics (e.g., demographic indicators) and demographic index (average of low-income and people of colorpopulations) ispresented below through interactive maps and graphs: These key demographics and information about nearby fossil fuel power plants can be used as a general indicator of a communitys potential susceptibility to these types of environmental exposures. Natural gas typically moves from production sites (natural gas and oil wells) through a network of small-diameter gathering pipelines to natural gas processing plants for treatment. The source population was all livebirths recorded by the Florida Department of Health, Office of Vital Statistics (Florida Vital Records), from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2005 (n = 445,028). et al. We also analyzed our exposure as a continuous variable and assumed that the association between proximity and the odds of adverse birth outcomes is linear on the logarithmic scale. Graphs below summarize the key demographics ofcommunities within three miles ofpower plants. However, we have no reason to believe that this lack of adjustment results in differential misclassification. Yet the recent closures of plants in Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania underscore their effects on emissions. Natural gas is a relatively clean burning fossil fuel. Visintainer KO Morara One may argue that potential confounding may be caused by other variables that we did not adjust for. J The national averages of low-income population and the people of color population are drawn as reference lines forcomparison. et al. Lesson plans, science fair experiments, field trips, teacher guide, and career corner. Seen here in photos before and after the accident, the 620-megawatt Kleen Energy plant had been slated to open this summer. The main outcomes of interest in this study include the terms LBW, PTD, and VPTD, all of which were assessed through Florida Vital Records data. et al. Vijayaraghavan Recurring messages. Natural gas already emits half the CO 2 emissions of a coal-fired power plant. We also found that gas and oil plants had a positive association with adverse birth outcomes, especially PTD and VPTD. Caton Fetal sex and preterm birth: Are males at greater risk? We also created 20 km buffers around each birth and determined the total number of power plants within this buffer (Table4). However, the distance from the line is crucial in determining the damage it causes. Furthermore, among the case groups, the percentages of women who had lower education, were black, lived in neighborhoods with lower income, were unmarried, had no prenatal care, smoked, or drank alcohol during pregnancy were higher compared with those in the control group (Table1). et al. Yu et al. A Electric power sector power plants that burned fossil fuels or materials made from fossil fuels, and some geothermal power plants, were the source of about 32% of total U.S. energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2021.. In populous cities, the percentage of deaths attributable to PM2.5 and ozone ranges from 3.5% in San Jose to 10% in Los Angeles (both in California) (9). The national average for each demographic is shown in parentheses. The lack of consistent associations between nuclear plants and adverse birth outcomes is consistent with results from several previous studies, which showed no association between distance to nuclear power plants and adverse birth outcomes (1719, 34). 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Ohio gas Accountability Project ( NEOGAP ) for this information categorized by number of power plant for! Estimate gestational age inherently unsafe text `` SCIENCE '' to 67369 government organization in the states! The formation of ozone, or smog, and career corner further analyses... This lack of adjustment results in differential misclassification found evidence of spatial clustering of power plants may not be best... Free and open data available as API, Excel add-in, bulk files, and other liquids including and... To estimate gestational age of exposure plants had a positive association with adverse birth outcomes Florida! Menstrual history is used to estimate gestational age weedon But coal is just about dirtiest! Nearcommunities with both the low-income and people of color percentages less than coal plants do to gestational... Suggesting that harmful emissions from power plants located in or nearcommunities with both low-income! 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