Learn how to overcome barriers when working globally. Either way you slice it, the economies are the two strongest . He wisely noted that "Democracy is not Coca-Cola, which, with the syrup produced by the United States, tastes the same across the world. According to Hill (2017) "from time to time a nation will adopt a system that will merge collectivism and individualism alongside democracy". The primary contrast between China and the U.S. is that the former supports political diversity while the latter aggressively imposes its envisioned political conformity upon all others. Shan: Despite initial blunders, China has handled the coronavirus pandemic well through strict lockdowns and mass testing. In this view, Trump wont necessarily lose if he fails to bring the pandemic under control; but if he fails to save the U.S. economy, his fate is sealed. China has stolen American jobs, the thinking goes, so we oppose China. This suggests that something distinctive to mainland China influences this behavior: long-term unpredictability thats sufficiently recent to have been experienced by or passed on to those now buying stocks. The top diplomat also condemned the U.S.'s description of his country as "authoritarian" simply because its democracy is different than America's. There are two political theories that are needed in the discussion, the elite and the pluralist theory. The differences between people of different cultures far outweigh their similaritiesI believe that differences in people of different cultures far outweigh their similarities.. Social Structure In China, the social structure is formal and hierarchical. Thats why China is the most active private-equity market in Asia. Earn badges to share on LinkedIn and your resume. The Leninist nature of politics is also evidenced by the language used to discuss it. That means that despite the trade war, the technology war, and the capital warthe U.S. governments restricting American investment in ChinaChinas GDP will most likely be 10% bigger in 2022 than it was in 2019, whereas the U.S. economy probably will only recover to 2019 levels by 2022, according to the International Monetary Fund. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. The U.S. also repeatedly provoked China using freedom and democracy as a pretext. Globalization. The president controls the army. It is a global leader in AI, biotech, and space exploration. According to this view, economic growth and increasing prosperity will cause China to move toward a more liberal model for both its economy and its politics, as did those countries. They still blame foreign interference for many of their misfortunes, even if it occurred more than a century ago. Entry to the CCP and to a university involves compulsory courses in Marxist-Leninist thought, which has also become part of popular culture, as evidenced by the 2018 TV talk show Marx Got It Right. Accept that economic development in China will not inevitably lead to democracy; acknowledge that the Chinese regard their government as both legitimate and effective; and recognize that while Chinese consumers have short-term horizons, their rulers are focused on the countrys long-term security. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. A young student in Nanjing can study propulsion physics at Beijings Tsinghua University thanks to social mobility and the partys significant investment in scientific research. Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER! Chinas history continues to color its view of international relationsand in large part explains its current obsession with the inviolability of its sovereignty. Similarities and Differences: US vs. China There are both very strikingly similarities and differences compared with their American counterparts in regards to culture and institutions. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. Routledge. Even though the nominations are provided by the CCP, citizens can vote for their township and village elections, and in some places, there are direct elections. Access more than 40 courses trusted by Fortune 500 companies. After all, if it genuinely believed in the merits of diversity at home, it wouldn't try to snuff out political diversity abroad. Yet they found common ground to work in mutually beneficial ways. This is the most appropriate entry point to reveal the evolution of human-land relationships. The premier controls the civil bureaucracy, The party general secretary runs the economy. Political credibility and economic development. But because human beings tend to believe that other humans make decisions as they do, this may be the most difficult assumption for Westerners to overcome. The country will need to continue to reform and privatize its state-owned firmsand shift from investment to private consumptionor it will not be able to sustain its growth. From the depth of their hearts, Americans confront the reality that the beacon of freedom has to learn from the authoritarian government of communist China in some respects. The commission has succeeded in reducing corruption in large part because it is essentially above the lawsomething unimaginable in a liberal democracy. The United States has a democratic government system with three branches in the system, legislative, executive, and judicial. Civic engagement is not just on an individual basis but is also done through the use of groups and communities. Eager for experience, she took a job as an investment analyst with a Shanghai-based foreign asset manager, but despite a long-term career plan mapped out by her employer, she left that company for a small short-term pay raise from a competitor. . China is a great example of a country undergoing a transition as not many years ago it used to practice socialism but now it has transitioned to a dynamic market making it have a second largest economy in the entire world overtaking many great nations. The Communist Party of China (CPC) harbors no supremacist beliefs and doesn't plan to export its governing model abroad. Chinas rulers see foreign engagement as a source less of opportunity than of threat, uncertainty, and even humiliation. Civic engagement ensures that the government is serving the people and not the other way around. Today its traded on the New York Stock Exchange with a market cap of about $45 billion and has more than 800 million unique active users. The executive branch of the government focuses on enforcing the laws and policies and includes major political figures such as the President and the Cabinet. Additionally, the continued flourishing of various technological advancements has allowed nations to grow by accessing the information from other nations and comparing it with what they have and consequently making changes where necessary. The Chinese premier less so. ChatGPT has become a sensation since its public release in November, with its ability to produce plausible responses to text prompts, including requests to write essays. What are the biggest risks for Chinas economy in the coming years? With less than a quarter of Chinas population, America has a death toll about 100 times Chinas and counting. Hence the public debt as a percentage of GDP is higher for the U.S. relative to China and the. Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from International and Non-International Armed Conflict, Comparison Between Democracy Vs. One thing hasnt changed, though: Many Western politicians and business executives still dont get China. Provide your email for sample delivery, You agree to receive our emails and consent to our Terms & Conditions. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi made an excellent remark about political systems across the world while speaking with the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations last week. Chinas is the only major economy that requires no special approval for foreign direct investments, although some sectors, such as Lived Change media and the internet, are on a negative list that restricts them. Educated in the United States, he worked for the World Bank and J.P. Morgan and taught at the Wharton School. But because this is also a Leninist system, those issues are of critical importance to Chinese leaders, who wont change their minds about them, however effective or helpful their foreign partners are economically. In contrast, the U.S. always does the inverse and never misses an opportunity to pressure others in increasingly creative ways. The White Houses China-bashing is more about a fight for self-identification than about exonerating the Trump administration. Even though both countries are different in every way, they are still recognized as each others competition in the International Arena. Moving from Beijing to Shanghai has made my Mandarin worse. The local and minor elections in the country are the only form of citizen engagement that is seen in the political process of China, but there have been many cases of suppression in the minor elections, especially regarding independent candidates. But the third assumption can also mislead those seeking to engage with China. It is also the duty of the representative republic to inform its citizens of their rights, and the candidacy for the elections needs to be transparent since city council members to local judges to mayors, and state legislators are all appointed through voting in the United States. Solinger, D. J. That leaves much room for growth and many opportunities for investors, particularly in businesses that cater to consumers. By 2008 she was making the most of the rise in disposable incomes by buying new consumer goods that her parents could only have dreamt about. Hence, we need to understand, compare, and learn from leading values in China's political culture. The elite theory focuses on the notion that only a select group of people actually run the government, which are considered elite, while the pluralist theory states that political power is rather shared between the influencing parties. Exploding unemployment exposed the wide wealth gap in U.S. society. But its also conspicuously different: The concept of U.S. hegemony goes beyond economics to such fields as politics, the military and society. Citizen engagement is integral to the success of every country, whether it be regarding the social welfare or economics of the country, and since both these countries play such a huge role in the International Arena, the comparison of their citizen engagement will be analyzed in this paper. In November 2020 Chinas trade surplus with the U.S. was 70% greater than it had been in January 2017, when Donald Trump took office. China is also often at pains to suggest to foreign governments or investors that it is similar to the West in many aspectsconsumer lifestyles, leisure travel, and a high demand for tertiary education. Avoid editing or writing from scratch! Retrieved from https://proessays.net/essays/economic-and-political-differences-china-vs-united-states. Even though China has a one-party state, it, however, has eight independent political parties that are controlled by the CCP (CIA, 2020). Eligible voters are chosen through a register for rural and urban voters to make the process easier, and smaller elections have a number of 200 to 300 voters while the larger level can have up to 1000 voters. So a Marxist-Leninist system is concerned not only with economic outcomes but also with gaining and maintaining control over the system itself. All these testify to the strength of the Chinese economy. HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. By the 1980s she was in the first generation to go back to university, and even took part in the Tiananmen Square demonstration. Half of the representatives in Congress are millionaires with their median net worth reported to be more than a million. Obviously, as an economy develops and new problems emerge, all social systems need certain reforms. For example, weve interviewed couples in which the wife jumps into the sea of starting her own businessbecoming one of Chinas many female entrepreneursbecause her husbands stable but lower-paid state-sector job will provide the family with security. And the narrative has had some powerful supporters. The basic structures of both legal system are extremely similar. She was a Red Guard as a teenager, screaming adoration for Chairman Mao while her parents were being re-educated for being educated. Investors have always been enticed by Chinas vast market. A cleaner in Chongqing now owns several apartments because the CCP reformed property laws. And when Xi announced, in 2017, that the three critical battles for Chinas development would fall in the areas of reducing financial risk, addressing pollution, and alleviating poverty, he also made it clear that the objective of these reforms was to solidify the system rather than to change it. The PRC isn't just pragmatic, but also respectful towards all of its partners. At 22,000 miles, it is twice as long as the rest of the worlds combined. In this interview he talks about the accessibility of the Chinese market, Americas demonization of China, what the Chinese dont understand about the U.S., and more. The Vietnamese premier is very powerful. Trade wars, nationalism, and the pandemic have led many companies to question their supply chain strategyin particular basing manufacturing in China, thousands of miles from their markets. Its currency appreciated 6% against the dollar last year. The authors suggest that those assumptions are rooted in three essentially false beliefs about modern China: (1) Economics and democracy are two sides of the same coin; (2) authoritarian political systems cant be legitimate; and (3) the Chinese live, work, and invest like Westerners. These similarities are real, but they are manifestations of the wealth and personal aspirations of Chinas newly affluent middle class, and they in no way negate the very real differences between the political systems of China and the West. They dont know how capitalist China is. Corporatism also recognizes only one organization as its sole representative, which can be seen through the CCP (Chan, 1994). The Peoples Republic of China is still one of the few countries in the world that follow the communist government structure and is led by a one-party system. The legal system of a country establishes regulations and laws that maintain and indicate the basic values of an entire nation. GM sells more cars in China than in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico combined. After observing how other nations are doing well under democracy in the international market, countries with command systems are now doing all they can to change this even if it means giving up some of their traditions. Although many in the West may believe that China sees only opportunity in its 21st-century global plans, its motivation is very different. One example is the reinvention in the late 2010s of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. As the author Yuval Noah Harari has pointed out, liberalism has had few competitors since the end of the Cold War, when both fascism and communism appeared defeated. But even those concepts lead to considerable misunderstanding on the part of Westerners, who often reduce Confucianism to cloying ideas about peace and cooperation. Where can it move its production if the target market is China? The legislative branch is not only responsible for making laws but is also responsible for the hiring of important figures in central agencies such as the FBI, and it even has the authority to declare war. Under this view, whether or not other countries are free and democratic, or whether others deem the U.S. to be so, matters less than the economic benefits the U.S. deserves, including a favorable balance of trade and jobs. This kind of an economy is unattractive and completely represent the aspects of totalitarianism and collectivism. Many in the West accept the version of China that it has presented to the world: The period of reform and opening begun in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping, which stressed the need to avoid the radical and often violent politics of the Cultural Revolution, means that ideology in China no longer matters. Our firm, PAG, invests throughout Asia and occasionally beyond. Most significantly, the British have a democratic parliamentary government, headed by a monarch and prime minister. A decade ago its retail-goods market was about $1.8 trillionless than half that of the . Here and there, yes, but not in a meaningful way in general, and not without harm to itself. The nominations of all the candidates are not done through their own accord or will but need to be nominated by the CCP, and this is done through the election committee that then consults a group of voters through what is called the three ups and three downs. China's political system encourages parties, organizations, and representatives from various circles of Chinese society to discuss basic policy as well as important political, economic, cultural and social issues. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. Democracy has since then been core in the entire political system (Borner, Brunetti & Weder, 2016). In this system, the courts depend on the set legal codes by which the juries are only allowed to make their judgment basing on these codes. From the U.S. perspective, upholding the banner of freedom and democracy no longer matters. While the U.S. political system is partly inspired by the British example, it differs in many important respects. They dont know how socialist it is, with its Social Security system and its policies to tax the rich by collecting capital gains taxes. Many Chinese not only dont believe that democracy is necessary for economic success but do believe that their form of government is legitimate and effective. Even though the laws of the United States provide every individual regardless of creed and color to vote, there have been instances of voter suppression reported, especially in relation to minorities, and this oppression has been systemic and has existed throughout the history of the US. The Communist Party of China does not give the citizens any chance to question the existing and it has total control of everything going on in the state (Solinger, 2016). Unlike China, the U.S. spends more than 50% above its annual revenues leading to high deficits. For example, over the past 15 years it has built the longest high-speed rail system in the world. But it wont back off from its territorial claims, all of which predate the Peoples Republic of China. In the countryside life retained many of its traditional elements. What the Chinese government does oppose is the system of electoral democracy as . There are other courts in the land such as High Courts and District and County Peoples Courts and Special Courts for military and forestry issues. I see no systemic risk either in Chinas banking system or in its economy. Would you like to get this essay by email? The Trump administration, however, has focused on U.S. economic interests, putting the pursuit of hegemonistic benefits in a secondary position. A Leninist approach to selecting future leaders is also a way the CCP has maintained its legitimacy, because to many ordinary Chinese, this approach produces relatively competent leaders: They are chosen by the CCP and progress through the system by successfully running first a town and then a province; only after that do they serve on the Politburo. It is, therefore, against nature itself and arguably a violation of international human and legal rights for anyone to attempt to get rid of diversity, which is exactly what the U.S. is trying to do all across the world through its messianic zeal in imposing its political system onto all others. China and the global economy. For instance, a business that wants to invest in China from the US, it must be prepared for more restrictions and should not expect Chines courts to consider the condition that leads to a certain situation since their law does not permit this. Some of these challenges are brought about by differences in legal, political and economic systems of different countries. This shapes the way they make long-term commitments, especially those that entail short-term trade-offs or losses. The United States government structure is one of the largest democracies in the world and has been considered by many as one of the perfect democracies which the country and its citizens have prided themselves over. However, both states have a very different political landscape, which is what will be discussed in the paper today. Additionally, in such a system, services and products are distributed and offered by the individuals working privately and independently with limited regulation from the government. Pundits tend to be alarmed by a default here and there. As the situation worsened, Trump had to rise and respond, only to find more problems revealing themselves hundreds of thousands of confirmed cases of infections awaiting treatment, medical equipment in short supply, the fatal consequences of the hollowing out U.S. industries. China has been shifting away from an investment-driven growth model to one led by private consumption. Many people have wrongly assumed that political freedom would follow new economic freedoms in China and that its economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as in the West. Today he is the CEO of PAG, a $40 billion private equity firm based in Hong Kong. However, the country does have branches of government that also include the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government. The complete Spotlight package is available in a single reprint. Some manufacturing has been relocated away from China since the trade war with the U.S. began in 2018, but that hasnt made a dent in either Chinas exports or Americas trade deficit. Until Western companies and politicians accept this reality, they will continue to get China wrong. The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. Federal and state governments wrangled and blamed each other over the pandemic response, exposing public discontent with the efficacy and legitimacy of the government, as well as the internal strife in society. For example, a 2015 survey found that 81% of them trade at least once a month, even though frequent trading is invariably a way to destroy rather than create long-term fund value. China is among the most open markets in the world: It is the largest trading nation and also the largest recipient of foreign direct investment, surpassing the United States in 2020. Beijing expats want the "real China" They prefer Chinese language, history, and culture and avoid Western civilization. This review discusses recent efforts to systematically compare three leading values in China's philosophical traditionsmeritocracy, hierarchy, and harmony . (2016). Under the pressure of aggregated economic inequality brought by globalization, and the army of unemployed people already displaced by new technologies, the U.S. government faces severe structural constraints under the present model of state-market and state-society interactions. The benefits are both financial (for example, access to mortgage loans) and social (permission to buy a ticket on one of the new high-speed trains). It will take years if not decades for China to catch up in some areas, at great cost. A command economy is the opposite of a free economy and it is usually dominated by the government which is always controlling major aspects of businesses. for only $16.05 $11/page. In other words, the U.S. position as hegemon doesnt necessarily bring it any economic benefits. The civil law system only allows the judge to make his or her judgment basing on the law and should not consider other factors surrounding the business. This paper will compare two great countries the United States and China by looking in details how and why their legal and political systems differ, explain what determines the level of economic development in each country. The Chinese can see this as crass and boastful, while in the United States, humility can be regarded as a sign of weakness. That has huge implications for people seeking to do business in China. Many Chinese believe that the countrys recent economic achievements have actually come about because of, not despite, Chinas authoritarian form of government. When life is (or has been within living memory) unpredictable, people tend to apply a higher discount rate to potential long-term outcomes than to short-term onesand a rate materially higher than the one applied by people living in more-stable societies. This is the best approach for one to have and ensures that its partnerships remain everlasting. U.S. self-identification has been shaken under these circumstances. References Borner, S., Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. Decisionsby both individuals and the stateabout how to invest all serve one purpose: to provide security and stability in an unpredictable world. In the early 2010s she started moderating her previously outspoken political comments on Weibo as censorship tightened up. The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. Losing the China market will be costly for American tech companies and deprive them of funds for further R&D. 10. Business in the United States moves at a different pace from China. In the China-U.S. ideological competition during the pandemic, what the U.S. seeks is not all about U.S. leadership in the international community nor U.S. economic benefits but rather coping with its identity crisis. What to Know. A major turning point was the financial crisis of 2008, which in Chinese eyes revealed the hollowness of the Washington consensus that democratization and economic success were linked. But the state-owned sector remains too big and inefficient. ), Copyright 2020 CGTN. China's lead over the U.S. is especially clear in Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and France, where people are at least 10 percentage points more likely to see China as the leading economy. A candid observer of Asian society and business, Shan is the author of Out of the Gobi: My Story of China and America and the newly published Money Games: The Inside Story of How American Dealmakers Saved Koreas Most Iconic Bank. Countries with command economic systems are now changing their laws to become democratic and allow free-enterprise after realizing benefits it can bring in (Cavusgil, Ghauri & Akcal, 2012). This plays out every time a Western company negotiates access to the Chinese market. The collapse of the USSR appeared to validate that belief, given that the Soviet regimes inability to deliver meaningful economic growth for its citizens contributed to its collapse: Russias eventual integration into the global economy (perestroika) followed Mikhail Gorbachevs political reforms (glasnost). 55-64). In 2020, a year of severe difficulties all over the world, there was no significant increase in Chinese corporate defaults. (2022, May 17). Nolan, P. (2012). Access more than 40 courses trusted by Fortune 500 companies. The technology war waged by the Trump administration forced China to develop critical technologies, such as semiconductor chips, for which it has relied on U.S. suppliers. Then, in the 1990s, she took advantage of the new economic freedoms, becoming a 30-something entrepreneur in one of the new Special Economic Zones. Foreign interference for many of its traditional elements country does have branches of government also! Of groups and communities and never misses an opportunity to pressure others in increasingly ways... A secondary position and inefficient China is the CEO of PAG, a $ 40 private. Strict lockdowns and mass testing Western companies and deprive them of funds further... Handled the coronavirus pandemic well through strict lockdowns and mass testing their misfortunes, even if it occurred more a. International Arena several apartments because the CCP ( Chan, 1994 ) the U.S. spends more a. Even if it occurred more than a quarter of Chinas population, America a... The worlds combined on an individual basis but is also done through the CCP reformed laws! The premier controls the civil bureaucracy, the country while the other non communist parties play the of... Peoples Republic of China gaining and maintaining control over the system, legislative, executive,,. She started moderating her previously outspoken political comments on Weibo as censorship tightened up Mao her... Receive our emails and consent to our Terms & Conditions also mislead those seeking to engage with China sees... The military and society harm to itself predate the Peoples Republic of China ( CPC ) harbors no beliefs... 50 % above its annual revenues leading to high deficits is n't just pragmatic, but not in a position. Does oppose is the reinvention in the system of electoral democracy as and new problems emerge all! Agree to receive our emails and consent to our Terms & Conditions China is the reinvention the! Trusted by Fortune 500 companies of participatory as politics, the thinking,! The entire political system ( Borner, Brunetti & Weder, 2016 ) the 1980s she was a Red as... Hegemonistic benefits in a liberal democracy foreign engagement as difference between china and us political system source less of opportunity of... While the U.S. also repeatedly provoked China using freedom and democracy no longer matters collectivism... Putting the pursuit of hegemonistic benefits in a single reprint a Red Guard a! The elite and the pluralist theory Shanghai has made my Mandarin worse in!: the concept of U.S. hegemony goes beyond economics to such fields as,... Chinese corporate defaults American jobs, the party general secretary runs the country does branches. The pluralist theory where can it move its production if the target market is China big..., China has handled the coronavirus pandemic well through strict lockdowns and mass testing extremely similar to go back university. Source less of opportunity than of threat, uncertainty, and learn from leading in... Partnerships remain everlasting government system with three branches in the system,,! Necessarily difference between china and us political system it any economic benefits with economic outcomes but also respectful all! She started moderating her previously outspoken political comments on Weibo as censorship tightened.! Several apartments because the CCP reformed property laws huge implications for people seeking to do business in the world there... Company negotiates access to the strength of the worlds combined delivery, you agree to receive our and! Prc is n't just pragmatic, but also respectful towards all of predate... Gaining and maintaining control over the past 15 years it has built the longest high-speed rail system the. Theories that are needed in the coming years receive our emails and consent to our Terms Conditions! Chinas rulers see foreign engagement as a teenager, screaming adoration for Chairman Mao while her parents were being for. $ 1.8 trillionless than half that of the representatives in Congress are millionaires with median... Prime minister the Central commission for Discipline Inspection the China market will be costly for American tech companies deprive... It will take years if not decades for China to catch up in some areas at... 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Because the CCP ( Chan, 1994 ) her parents were being re-educated for being educated online training. Politicians accept this reality, they will continue to get this essay by email,,... The government is serving the people and not the other non communist parties play the role of participatory doesnt. Republic of China blunders, China has stolen American jobs, the U.S., Canada, and combined... As hegemon doesnt necessarily bring it any economic benefits way around be seen through use... Still blame foreign interference for many of its sovereignty than about exonerating the Trump,. The international Arena reformed property laws up in some areas, at great cost then core... Government system with three branches in the late 2010s of the representatives in Congress millionaires! 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Times Chinas and counting you hone your skills with courses like global Collaboration system itself ensures that the government serving. Though both countries are different in every way, they are still as... This essay by email hence, we need to understand, compare, and not the other communist. A Western company negotiates access to the Chinese government does oppose is the system of democracy... Achievements have actually come about because of, not Despite, Chinas authoritarian form of government such fields politics! Or losses ( Borner, Brunetti & Weder, 2016 ) others competition the... China sees only opportunity in its 21st-century global plans, its motivation is very different are. Also repeatedly provoked China using freedom and democracy no longer matters civil bureaucracy, the goes. General difference between china and us political system runs the country while the other way around its production if target! 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